稳定币的3个误区和澄清

深潮TechFlowPublished on 2022-10-10Last updated on 2022-10-10

Abstract

稳定币是一种被误解的 DeFi 基础设施,让我们把一些事情弄清楚。

稳定币是一种被误解的 DeFi 基础设施,让我们把一些事情弄清楚:

1."算法稳定币不好"是错误的观点 ;

2."稳定币被锚定在另一种资产上 "是错误的;

3.稳定币从何而来? (重要)

让我们透过这些误解,来认清稳定币在 DeFi 中的真相吧。

1.算法稳定币不好

我认为,将稳定币归类为 "算法或非算法",是对稳定币最严重的错误描述。

MakerDAO 的 $DAI 是 "算法的"。它由链上智能合约管理,是一种"算法"——根据抵押品确定何时可以铸造或销毁 DAI。

但是,这就导致了一个问题:"我们如何对类似 Terra-Luna 的代币进行分类?"。

对此,我们需要知道稳定币的三个属性之一,抵押品类型。

抵押品类型

稳定币可以拥有外源性和内源性的抵押品。外源性抵押品是源自系统外的抵押品,内源性抵押品是源自系统内部的抵押品。

要知道它们是外源性的还是内源性的,一个好的判断标准是,"如果稳定币失败了,抵押品也会失败吗?"

对于$DAI,我们可以问,如果 DAI 失败,抵押品 ETH 也会失败吗?答案是 "不",所以我们可以说 DAI 有外源性的抵押品,也就是说,它不像 Terra-Luna 那样。

如果 UST 失败了,LUNA(现在的 LUNC)会崩盘吗?答案是肯定的,所以我们知道 LUNA (以一种迂回的方式)成为了 UST 稳定币系统的内源性抵押品。

2.稳定币被锚定在另一种资产上

一个稳定币的稳定机制要么由更多的算法控制,要么由更多的监管把控。

像 $USDC、$UST 和 $USDT 这样的代币更加“受监管”,因为一个中心化实体 100% 控制它们。

像 $DAI,$RAI,以及旧有的 UST/LUNA 这样的币更多的是算法,因为它们的稳定性更多的是来自于链上的自主算法。这就是稳定币的属性 2,它们的 "相对稳定性"。

稳定币有"锚定/挂钩 "和 "浮动 "两种状态。

像 $DAI、$USDC 和 $USDT 这样的代币都是 "挂钩 "的,因为它们可以和美元 1 对 1 交换。它们通过锚定在另一种已经被认为是稳定的资产上获得其稳定性。

但我想说的是,美元甚至都没有那么稳定。当我们在寻找一种“稳定”的货币时,我们实际上是在寻找一种购买力不会随时间发生太大变化的货币。由于通货膨胀,我们知道,一美元每年都会贬值。但是,如果我们有一枚硬币,今天你可以用 1 枚硬币买 10 个苹果,20 年后,你也可以用 1 枚硬币买 10 个苹果呢?

我们会认为这是一种更稳定的资产。

所以这就是 "浮动 "发挥作用的地方。像 $RAI 这样的稳定币是 "浮动 "的,因为它不与其他资产挂钩,而是旨在保持稳定的购买力。

3.稳定币从何而来?

我们谈了很多关于稳定币的好处,因为我们需要一种低波动性的方式来为物品定价,需要一种稳定的货币来进行交互。

但谁在铸造这些代币呢?

假设你只关心 $ETH,你已经买了所有你能买的 ETH,但你想要更多。

你能做什么?

在 Web2 中,你可以贷款买更多的东西,并希望“ETH 数量增加”超过你的贷款支付……这就是铸造大量稳定币的方式。

即稳定币的产生主要来自于投资者 "杠杆化 "的方法。

我们迫切的想要寻求一种能够相互信任的定价方式,于是稳定币来了,但请不要忘记,稳定币的本质是投资者们的一种金融游戏,它的风险也来源于这里。

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Welcome to the HTX Community. Here, you can stay informed about the latest platform developments and gain access to professional market insights. Users' opinions on the price of LUNA (LUNA) are presented below.

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