ETH质押平台对比:Lido等流动性质押平台的衍生品负溢价更低,使用范围更广

PanewsPublished on 2022-09-26Last updated on 2022-09-26

Abstract

ETH的质押量还有数倍的上升空间,提供“质押即服务”的第三方运营商有可能成为以太坊质押叙事的关键。

ETH的质押量还有数倍的上升空间,提供“质押即服务”的第三方运营商有可能成为以太坊质押叙事的关键。

以太坊本次合并后由PoW转向PoS,能源消耗减少99.95%,每年发行的ETH减少90%左右。在PoS区块链中,验证者锁定原生代币来为网络提供安全性。截至9月26日,根据Staking Rewards的数据,在主要的PoS网络中,以太坊12%的质押率显得较低,市值紧随其后的BNB Chain、Cardano、Solana原生代币的质押率均在70%及以上。

ETH的质押量还有数倍的上升空间,而因为自行搭建节点存在一定的技术和硬件门槛,提供“质押即服务”(Staking as a service,SaaS)的第三方运营商有可能成为以太坊质押叙事的关键。

在分析了主要的以太坊质押服务商的数据后发现:

截至9月25日,当前质押的ETH数量约为1396万枚,验证者数量为436247个。ETH的质押率仅12%,相对较低。

分叉并没有立即吸引大量的ETH新增质押,9月15日分叉当周,新增的ETH质押量为155206 ETH,增加幅度约为1.13%。虽然最近三周新增的ETH质押量有所上升,但增加数量与之前相比并不算高。

ETH的质押面临中心化问题,前三大实体Lido、Coinbase、Kraken的占比分别为30.1%、14.6%、8.3%,总计53%,美国SEC也因为在美国运行的ETH节点多而认为对以太坊网络上的所有活动拥有管辖权。

绝大多数ETH都是通过第三方服务商参与的质押,其中流动性质押占比33.2%,中心化交易所占比30.9%,质押池占比9.3%,总计73.4%。

由于质押的ETH还不能赎回,代表性的流动性质押衍生品均表现出负溢价,其中Lido的stETH负溢价最低,为0.48%;Coinbase的cbETH负溢价最高,为3.45%。

流动性质押平台的衍生品使用范围更广,stETH几乎可在所有的主流DeFi项目中使用,中心化交易所的衍生品可能仅限于自身平台的交易,币安的BETH也仅当保存在币安的现货钱包中时才能获得收益。

ETH质押量的增长

ETH的质押功能在2020年11月推出,但至今仍不能赎回,预计会在上海升级后开放赎回功能,因此从开放质押以来,质押的ETH数量持续上升。

根据DuneAnalytics @hildobby整理的数据,截至9月25日,质押的ETH数量约为1396万枚,验证者数量为436247个。

ETH质押数量的增长速度在今年5月份市场下行后放缓,但是最近三周(8月29日~9月19日)质押的ETH数量每周分别增加130937 ETH、124018 ETH、155206 ETH,9月15日分叉当周的质押量增加幅度约为1.13%。虽然近期的质押量相比5月19日~8月29日有明显增加,但是增长数量与2020年11~12月、2021年5月、2022年3月~5月初的时间节点相比仍然较低。这说明PoW转PoS的落地并没有带来大量ETH的新增质押。

ETH质押量分布

按照当前的ETH质押分布,绝大多数是通过第三方服务商参与的质押,其中流动性质押占比33.2%,中心化交易所占比30.9%,质押池占比9.3%,总计73.4%。其余部分,巨鲸占比22.2%,如Vitalik质押有6976 ETH,在所有质押实体中位于第20名左右;其它占比4.4%。

随着Lido增长的放缓,流动性质押ETH占比也从5月9日的48.7%下降到9月19日的46.2%。与此同时,巨鲸的占比从24.4%上升到26.6%。

ETH质押量增速从5月份开始下降,主要体现在Lido质押量的增长几乎陷入停滞,投资者也对Lido的质押占比较高而表示担忧。从5月10日开始,市场下行导致Lido的ETH质押衍生品stETH/ETH开始出现负溢价。在这种情况下,继续通过Lido质押ETH显然不如直接从二级市场上购买stETH。5月13日,stETH/ETH的负溢价超过10%,虽然之后有所恢复,但6月13日随着大量stETH抵押品面临清算,stETH/ETH的负溢价再次达到10%。之后随着合并的进行逐渐恢复,目前负溢价已经小于1%。

在9月15日合并发生之前,stETH/ETH的负溢价约为3%,在合并发生后已经降至1%以内。

质押的中心化和监管问题

通过流动性质押项目和中心化交易所质押的比重过高,也使用户意识到当前ETH的中心化问题,前三大实体Lido、Coinbase、Kraken的占比分别为30.1%、14.6%、8.3%总计53%,存在破坏网络安全性的可能。

ETH质押的集中也带来了潜在的监管管辖问题,美国证券交易委员会在一份起诉书中指出,以太坊节点在美国的集群密度比任何其他国家都高,因此全球所有以太坊交易都应被视为源自美国,美国证券交易委员会对以太坊网络上的所有活动拥有管辖权。

在以太坊转向PoS之后,美联储主席Gary Gensler表示,帮助质押加密货币的中介机构可能需要通过Howey测试来确定其资产是否为证券,PoS加密货币可能会受到联邦证券法规的约束。以太坊也因转向PoS而面临更多监管压力。

ETH质押平台对比

鉴于当前ETH的质押主体主要为流动性质押项目和中心化交易所,PANews选择了ETH质押数量最多的两个流动性质押项目和三个中心化交易所进行对比,价格数据取自9月23日,质押量取自9月19日。

这5个项目都有为质押者发放流动性质押衍生品,包括Lido的stETH、Coinbase的cbETH、Kraken的ETH2.S、币安的BETH、Rocket Pool的rETH。收取的绩效费也均在10%~15%之间,相对合理。币安数据虽未公开,但当前质押APR和Lido一致,均为5.2%。

由于不能及时赎回,它们的衍生品/ETH价格都表现出负溢价,流动性最好的stETH负溢价最低,仅0.48%;Coinbase的衍生品cbETH的负溢价最高,为3.45%;rETH可能已计入质押奖励,价格比ETH高,不做对比。

流动性质押平台提供的衍生品使用范围更广,中心化交易所的衍生品可能仅限在自己的平台上使用。币安的BETH也只能在现货钱包中才能获得收益,若用于BNB链的挖矿等活动,则会失去收益。

Related Reads

a16z on Hiring: How to Choose Between Crypto-Native and Traditional Talent?

Hiring in Crypto: Balancing Crypto-Native and Traditional Talent As the crypto industry grows, founders face the dilemma of whether to prioritize hiring professionals with blockchain experience or those with traditional tech backgrounds who can learn. The key is recognizing that crypto companies are still tech companies at their core and should apply proven hiring best practices. Crypto-native talent offers immediate productivity and is essential for roles involving high-stakes, specialized work like smart contract development, where errors can be catastrophic. However, traditional professionals from large-scale software companies bring valuable experience in scaling products, operational flexibility, and expertise in areas like fintech, UX, and security, which are crucial as crypto products target mainstream adoption. Recruiting requires tailored approaches. Some candidates may be hesitant due to crypto's volatility or complexity, while others are excited by its innovative potential. Assess candidates' motivations, curiosity, and alignment with the company's vision early. Emphasize the opportunity to shape technology's future and address financial incentives, such as token-based compensation, which can offer liquidity compared to traditional equity. Onboarding is critical. Identify knowledge gaps during hiring and design education programs, mentorship, knowledge-sharing sessions, and resources like blogs or courses to accelerate learning. Pairing new hires with experienced crypto professionals helps bridge gaps and fosters collaboration. Ultimately, successful teams blend both crypto-native and traditional talent, leveraging their strengths to drive innovation and growth.

marsbit37m ago

a16z on Hiring: How to Choose Between Crypto-Native and Traditional Talent?

marsbit37m ago

DeFi Hacked Again for $292 Million, Is Even Aave No Longer Safe?

On April 19, a major DeFi security breach occurred, resulting in the loss of approximately $292 million. The attack targeted Kelp DAO’s rsETH bridge contract built on LayerZero, with 116,500 rsETH stolen. The attacker initiated the exploit using funds from Tornado Cash and manipulated the LayerZero EndpointV2 contract to transfer the assets. Kelp DAO confirmed the incident and temporarily paused rsETH contracts across multiple networks while collaborating with security experts for investigation. Initial analysis suggests the root cause was a compromised private key on the source chain, with the contract secured by only a 1/1 validator set, making it vulnerable to a single malicious transaction. The attacker used the stolen rsETH as collateral on lending platforms—including Aave, Compound, and Euler—to borrow more liquid assets like WETH, accumulating over $236 million in debt. Aave alone accounted for $196 million of this amount. In response, Aave froze its rsETH markets and stated it would explore covering potential bad debt through its Umbrella safety module, which holds around $50 million in WETH. This incident follows another large exploit earlier in April, where Drift Protocol on Solana lost $280 million. The repeated high-value attacks raise concerns about DeFi security, even affecting major protocols like Aave. Users are advised to exercise caution, diversify holdings, and limit exposure to on-chain protocols until more robust security measures are established.

marsbit2h ago

DeFi Hacked Again for $292 Million, Is Even Aave No Longer Safe?

marsbit2h ago

Trading

Spot
Futures

Hot Articles

What is BNB WHALES

Understanding BNB Whales: A Deep Dive into the Cryptocurrency Landscape Introduction to BNB Whales In the vibrant world of cryptocurrencies, new projects regularly emerge, often promising innovative solutions and unique experiences. One such project is BNB Whales, launched in 2023 and built on the BNB Smart Chain (BEP20). BNB Whales sets out to establish a distinctive presence within the cryptocurrency ecosystem, focusing on creating an engaging platform that combines the benefits of blockchain technology with social and gaming interactions. This article aims to delve deeper into BNB Whales, exploring its core components, mechanics, and developmental trajectory. What are BNB Whales? BNB Whales is a cryptocurrency initiative that seeks to provide a diverse range of features and opportunities for its users in the burgeoning Web3 environment. Utilizing the BEP20 standard, the project operates with a total token supply of 100 trillion (100,000,000,000,000,000). Despite this significant figure, it is noteworthy that no tokens are currently in circulation, indicating that the project may still be in its early developmental stages. The primary goal of BNB Whales is to create a platform where users can participate in various interactive activities while benefiting from the security and transparency afforded by blockchain technology. By fostering a unique and engaging environment, BNB Whales aims to build a strong community of users who are invested in the project and its development. Who is the Creator of BNB Whales? The identity of the creator of BNB Whales remains undisclosed at this time, presenting a challenge for those looking to understand the project's founding principles and visionary insights. This absence of publicly available information regarding the project's leadership may raise questions among potential investors and users about its governance and accountability structure. Who are the Investors of BNB Whales? As BNB Whales continues to evolve, information concerning specific investors or support from investment foundations is currently unavailable. The project’s official documentation, including its whitepaper, does not disclose either individual or institutional financial backers. The lack of transparency in this regard can sometimes raise questions about the legitimacy and sustainability of new projects within the cryptocurrency ecosystem. How Does BNB Whales Work? BNB Whales operates on the BNB Smart Chain utilizing the BEP20 standard, which is known for its efficiency and low transaction fees, attracting a variety of developers and projects. The unique aspect of BNB Whales lies in its focus on creating a community-driven platform. While precise operational details are scarce, the project emphasizes interaction and engagement, potentially incorporating gamified elements into its offerings. The emphasis on community is pivotal, as it aligns with prevailing trends in the cryptocurrency space, where user input and participation often dictate a project's success. Further innovation may be anticipated, but at present, the specific mechanisms and features that differentiate BNB Whales from other crypto initiatives remain to be fully elucidated. Without detailed information regarding its functionality, it is challenging to evaluate the project's differentiators comprehensively. Timeline of BNB Whales The development of BNB Whales has unfolded across key milestones, marking its journey in the cryptocurrency landscape. Below is a timeline of significant events pertaining to the project: 2023: Launch of BNB Whales, marking the project's entry into the market. 2023: Publication of the project's whitepaper, which lays out the overarching goals and operational framework. Ongoing: BNB Whales continues to develop its features, aiming to build a robust user base and expand its offerings. Key Points About BNB Whales Platform: BNB Smart Chain (BEP20) Total Supply: 100 trillion tokens (100,000,000,000,000,000) Circulating Supply: 0 tokens (indicating a nascent stage) Project Goal: To foster an engaging cryptocurrency platform for interaction and community building. Creator: Unknown Investors: Not disclosed Operational Status: Active with ongoing development and expansion Conclusion As BNB Whales navigates the competitive cryptocurrency landscape, it offers a glimpse into the potential of community-driven projects built on the foundations of blockchain technology. By focusing on engagement and interaction, the initiative stands at the forefront of innovation in the Web3 space. However, the project's success ultimately hinges on the clarity of its operational mechanics, the disclosure of its governance, and the establishment of a solid user community. For potential users and investors alike, BNB Whales represents a case study in the evolving nature of cryptocurrency projects—one that illustrates both the exciting possibilities and the complexities associated with new initiatives. As the landscape continues to evolve, it will be essential to monitor BNB Whales' progress and its impact on the broader cryptocurrency ecosystem.

3.1k Total ViewsPublished 2024.04.01Updated 2024.12.03

What is BNB WHALES

What is PONKE BNB

Ponke BNB: A New Approach in the Cryptocurrency Space Introduction Ponke BNB, a newcomer in the cryptocurrency arena, was launched in 2024 and operates on the BNB Smart Chain (BEP20) platform. This innovative project seeks to build a distinctive and engaged community, focusing on sustainable reward generation. As the cryptocurrency landscape evolves, Ponke BNB aims to address critical issues surrounding reward sustainability, making it a project worth observing for enthusiasts and investors alike. What is Ponke BNB? At its core, Ponke BNB is a cryptocurrency designed specifically for the BNB Smart Chain ecosystem. Boasting an immense total supply of 370,000,000,000,000,000 tokens, it is worth noting that currently, there are no tokens in circulation. The guiding mission of Ponke BNB is to foster a sustainable reward system that mitigates the challenges associated with rewards depletion, a common pitfall in many cryptocurrencies today. The mechanics of Ponke BNB's functionality centre around encouraging user participation, while simultaneously providing rewards that can stand the test of time. The unique structure of its reward system is aimed at ensuring longevity and stability, addressing essential market concerns. Who is the Creator of Ponke BNB? Despite extensive exploration, the identity of Ponke BNB's creator remains unknown. There is a notable absence of publicly available information regarding the project’s founder or its development team. This anonymity, while not uncommon in the cryptocurrency space, raises some questions about transparency and accountability in project management. Who are the Investors of Ponke BNB? Similar to the lack of clarity surrounding its creator, there is no public information available regarding any investment foundations or organizations that support Ponke BNB. This absence of investor data can often breed uncertainty among prospective investors, who typically prefer a clear understanding of the backing behind cryptocurrencies they consider engaging with. How Does Ponke BNB Work? Ponke BNB stands out through its inventive two-layered sustainable reward generating system. This system is built to tackle the issue of rewards depletion effectively. By engaging users and creating a vibrant community, Ponke BNB seeks to provide a stable and enjoyable environment, which emphasizes user interaction and rewards. The operation framework of Ponke BNB encourages participation through various activities and challenges that are designed to incentivise users while ensuring that the reward system remains sustainable. It aims to stimulate the community and promote an engaging atmosphere where members can feel valued and appreciated. Timeline of Ponke BNB The evolution of Ponke BNB can be summarized through a few key milestones: 2024: The inception of Ponke BNB on the BNB Smart Chain (BEP20) platform marked a significant entry into the cryptocurrency market. 2024: The release of the project’s whitepaper and official website provided comprehensive insights into Ponke BNB’s goals and objectives, forming the foundation for its community-driven approach. Key Features of Ponke BNB Ponke BNB is built on several key features that set it apart from other cryptocurrency projects: Sustainable Reward System The two-layered reward system is designed to foster engagement, prevent depletion of rewards, and ensure the longevity of returns for participants in the Ponke BNB ecosystem. Community Engagement The project places a strong emphasis on active community engagement, driving participation through activities designed to create a social and collaborative environment. This community-centric approach empowers users to have a hand in shaping the project's future directions. BNB Smart Chain Integration Operating on the BEP20 platform, Ponke BNB is reinforced by the security and efficiency offered by the BNB Smart Chain. Users benefit from fast and cost-effective transactions, positioning Ponke BNB well within the broader cryptocurrency ecosystem. Conclusion In summary, Ponke BNB is an emergent cryptocurrency project aiming to carve a niche for itself in the growing digital currency landscape. With its focus on a sustainable reward system and community engagement, it presents a fresh outlook in an otherwise volatile sector. While uncertainties linger concerning the project's creators and investors, Ponke BNB continues to strive for transparency and innovation. As the cryptocurrency market continues to develop, Ponke BNB’s principles of sustainability and community-driven dynamics place it in a promising light for future observers and participants alike.

2.9k Total ViewsPublished 2024.04.01Updated 2024.12.03

What is PONKE BNB

What is BNB CARD

Understanding BNB Card: Revolutionizing Digital Identity in Web3 In the rapidly evolving landscape of blockchain technology and cryptocurrency, the BNB Card or $BNBCARD stands out as a noteworthy project. This community-driven utility meme token leverages the BNB Smart Chain (BSC), aiming to integrate meme culture with innovative digital identity solutions. As more users dive into the realms of decentralization, it is crucial to dissect what BNB Card offers, its operational nuances, and its potential market impact. What is BNB Card ($BNBCARD)? At its core, BNB Card represents a meme token with substantial utility. It is designed to empower users by enabling the creation of personalized digital identity cards that are both expressive and functional. The project encapsulates several key features: Customizable ID Cards: Users have the ability to design Binance-themed digital ID cards, providing them with a platform for self-expression and enhanced community interaction. Decentralized Framework: Developed on the BSC, BNB Card emphasizes key attributes such as security, transparency, and user sovereignty. The decentralized nature of the framework allows for transactions that are both efficient and secure. Community-Centric Model: The emphasis on grassroots participation rather than laboratory-driven financial models creates an engaging environment for its users. By leveraging the inherent virality of meme culture, BNB Card fosters a robust community movement. The primary goal of BNB Card is to democratize digital identity tools in Web3, offering accessible solutions that benefit the users without the encumbrances typically associated with traditional identity management systems. Creator and Investors When exploring the identity behind BNB Card, it is important to note that no singular creator is explicitly credited. Instead, the project appears to be community-driven, suggesting a collective effort inspired by the notion of Binance's “Early Builder Card.” This organic development approach is common among projects within the meme token spectrum, where development is often influenced by the community's passion rather than a central authority. In terms of investment, the absence of publicly disclosed institutional backers further highlights the project's grassroots foundation. It thrives on organic community support, reflecting a usual characteristic of meme-driven projects that often engage their audience through social channels rather than formal investment routes. How It Works BNB Card employs several mechanisms that delineate its functioning and innovative spirit: Token Utility: The BNBCARD token allows users access to a suite of ID creation tools while also providing a platform for community governance. The token serves as the linchpin that enables these functionalities. Blockchain Integration: By utilizing the BSC, BNB Card ensures compatibility with Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)-based applications. This integration provides users with the benefits of low transaction fees while enhancing accessibility. DIY Ecosystem: Central to BNB Card’s appeal is its do-it-yourself (DIY) approach to digital identity card generation. This participatory element encourages users to engage in creative expression, fostering an inclusive culture that thrives on contribution and collaboration. Timeline Chronology is vital to understanding BNB Card's trajectory. Important milestones in the project’s history include: March 18, 2025: BNB Card was listed on LBank, marking a significant step in its exchange journey and opening doors for liquidity and user accessibility. March 19, 2025: A pivotal moment occurred as the token experienced an astronomical surge of 26,000% within 24 hours, garnering attention for its potential and the community’s enthusiasm. Ongoing Developments: The project is continuously expanding its partnerships with decentralized exchanges (DEXs) like PancakeSwap, further enhancing liquidity and user engagement. Innovation and Differentiation Understanding what sets BNB Card apart involves deeper exploration into its innovative framework: Meme-Utility Hybrid: BNB Card successfully merges the playful allure of meme culture with practical applications in digital identity management. This niche approach effectively caters to a broad demographic, appealing to both tech-savvy users and those new to crypto. Decentralized Governance: Operating devoid of centralized control allows the project to harness community input directly. The collective decision-making process buoyed by community involvement empowers users, ensuring their voices contribute to the development and direction of the project. Scalability: BNB Card stands to benefit immensely from the 2025 roadmap upgrades to the BNB Chain, which include enhancements such as increased transaction speeds and the integration of artificial intelligence tools. These improvements position the project advantageously within a highly competitive environment. Conclusion BNB Card is emblematic of a new wave of digital identity solutions within the Web3 ecosystem. By blending fun, community engagement, and practical utility, it invites users to participate actively in shaping their digital personas. As the project navigates the dynamic cryptocurrency landscape, its success will likely hinge on maintaining strong community support while adapting to technological advancements and user needs. The integration of decentralization with meme culture serves not only as a means for user-driven engagement but also as a foundation for the evolving narrative surrounding digital identity in the age of blockchain. In summation, BNB Card not only exemplifies the convergence of creativity and utility within the crypto space but also underscores the importance of community in steering the future of decentralized technologies.

3.3k Total ViewsPublished 2025.03.26Updated 2025.03.26

What is BNB CARD

Discussions

Welcome to the HTX Community. Here, you can stay informed about the latest platform developments and gain access to professional market insights. Users' opinions on the price of BNB (BNB) are presented below.

活动图片