格局打开,从供需关系上重看ETH价值

区块律动Published on 2022-03-11Last updated on 2022-03-11

Abstract

长期以来,大多数人都将 ETH 视为一种投资品,认为其价格通常反应着整个 Crypto 行业的状态,人们把 BTC 成为数字黄金,把 ETH 称为数字白银,强调着 ETH 的投资属性。

长期以来,大多数人都将 ETH 视为一种投资品,认为其价格通常反应着整个 Crypto 行业的状态,人们把 BTC 成为数字黄金,把 ETH 称为数字白银,强调着 ETH 的投资属性。但是,相比于比特币,以太坊生态的繁荣发展也让 ETH 具备了更强的实用性。
Crypto 分析师、Bakery DAO 创始人 croissant 就在推特上发文表示,人们需要将 ETH 视为一种实用资源,它的供需关系将会决定它的未来走势,律动 BlockBeats 将 croissant 的观点整理如下。
你需要将 ETH 视为一种实用资源。区块链上超过 4100 万个不同智能合约的各种交易都需要依靠它作为燃料才能够正常运行。
而许多人还并不明白这一点。
我并不太关心市场消息、图表分析或者其他的。这是为什么呢?因为我认为 ETH 的价格完全取决于供需关系。
以太坊诞生于 2015 年,1 万个参与 IC0 的比特币地址拿到了 7200 万枚 ETH。多年来,这些 token 频频换手,如今它们已经分散到了 1.447 亿个钱包地址中。
但是,你知道其实大部分的 ETH 已经几个月甚至几年都没有被转移过了吗?把时间线拉长,这一点就呈现得愈加明显。我们可以看到,在过去的 5 到 7 年间,只有 6.5% 的 ETH 处于活跃状态,而每一天处于活跃状态的 ETH 大概只有 0.3%。

质押

除此之外,智能合约目前对于 ETH 的吸纳与消耗也处于历史峰值。它们不只需要消耗 ETH 来保持运作,而且常常需要使用 ETH 来作为抵押品。这也导致了 28% 以上的 ETH 被锁在了智能合约中。

质押

可以肯定的是,ETH 的流通供应量远低于普遍预期,更何况还通过了 EIP-1559。EIP-1559 为 ETH 引入了通缩机制,今年预计将会销毁 340 万枚 ETH,而这是总供应量的 2.8%。

质押

在这之后,我们还必须要考虑到稳定币。稳定币对传统模式造成了极大的颠覆,因为人们并不总是想把 token 兑换成现金。在 DeFi 中,ETH 常常被用来当作借出稳定币的抵押品。而这似乎也可以解释为什么稳定币能够源源不断地吸引数十亿美元的资金。

质押

当整个数字经济在 ETH 生态系统内形成时,这就变得更有意思了。人们甚至可以为了虚拟房地产花费数百万美元。这已经远远不止于服务、商品以及那些不完全算是「投资品」的东西了。
再之后,以太坊的升级使得交易费用流向网络上的质押者而非矿工。我们预计每天的 EVM 费用大约是 1 万枚 ETH。用这个数量计算,ETH 质押的 APR 便达到了 6.1%,算上发行后,我们的 APR 会达到 11% 左右。

质押

随着质押 APY 的增加,ETH 的总发行量将会降低。目前,每天以区块奖励形式发行的 ETH 数量约为 1.3 万枚,而在升级后,ETH 的发行量将立刻降低 90% 以上,从每天 1.3 万枚降低至每天大约一千到两千枚。

质押

由此造成的影响不应该被低估。作为参照,你可以想象一下比特币在几个月内就多次减半会发生什么事。按照目前的速度来看,ETH 发行量达到 1 亿枚也就需要九年半,这是令人十分震惊的。
而另一个很少被人提及的事情就是被称为验证者队列的概念。这是 PoS 中的一种安全机制,限制了可以在任何时候加入的验证者数量。
那么流程就会变成:
-合并升级
-交易费用归属于质押者
-APY 飙升
-人们着急投入质押
-队列已满
-?

质押

在了解这些之后,我们也不要忘了那些质押衍生品,这些是极具魔力的。质押衍生品代表着将 ETH 质押,得到的 ERC20 token 可以正常交易,但通常都有溢价。
质押衍生品带来了一个很有意思的相互左右,给投资者在二级市场带来了一些机会。按理来说,stETH 在任何时候的价格都应该高于 ETH,而如果 stETH 的价格较低,用户只需要用较低的价格买入 stETH 就可以获利。
而反过来说,如果 stETH 的价格高于 ETH 当前的市场价,用户只需要将他们的 ETH 存入 Lido 进行质押,就能够将收到的 stETH 卖出获利。而这就有可能导致极其大量的 ETH 被质押。
我们已经聊了很多关于供应的问题了,接下来聊聊需求。Layer 2 技术已经吸引了数千万的新用户加入 ETH,这是千真万确的。
而且,如今生态系统内部也已经有了数百甚至数千亿美元的用例。1.3 万个 DApp 和 20 多万个 ERC20 token 均由 ETH 提供支持,Layer 2 用户越多,在主网进行交易的成本也就越低。
这就是为什么我认为我们的心态很快就会从「我买 ETH 是为了等它升值」变成「我买 ETH 是因为我要用到它」的原因。
而这也是 ETH 未来发展的重中之重。

质押

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