从OpenSea、MetaMask到Uniswap,行业还有哪些你不知道的“垄断者”?

吴说区块链Published on 2022-03-08Last updated on 2022-03-08

Abstract

一文梳理当前加密货币行业的垄断排行榜。

原标题 | 从OpenSea、MetaMask到Deribit,加密行业还有哪些你不知道的“垄断者”?
近日以太坊开发者 @0xTomoyo 列举了其心目中当前加密货币行业中近乎“垄断”的平台,本文借此思路进行拓展,尝试梳理一下当前加密货币行业的垄断排行榜。
“垄断”的定义是否准确,也存在一些问题,尤其在加密货币这个创新与变化密集的行业。更合适的提法可能是“在某个领域暂时有绝对的领先的市场份额”。

市场

OpenSea
赛道:NFT 交易市场
垄断指数:90%
其实我们可以将 OpenSea 的这种垄断时代大致划分为前 & 后时代:

  • 前 OpenSea 垄断时代:竞争对手是 SuperRare、Rarible、Foundation 等这类交易市场,这个阶段 OpenSea 处于绝对的垄断地位,市场份额从 40% 迅速增长到 98%。
  • 分水岭:OpenSea IPO 风波、NFT 资产丢失等事件让用户对 OpenSea 的好感度逐渐下降,市场渴望有能对 OpenSea 造成威胁的挑战者。
  • 后 OpenSea 垄断时代:现在。

现在随着 OpenSea 的成交量更上一层楼(突破 60 亿美元),前期 Rarible 等竞争对手已经不再构成威胁。
虽说市场也出现了 LookRare、X2Y2 等草根崛起,成交量甚至一度超越 OpenSea,但是本质都是交易挖矿的水分,甚至偏向了玩转代币经济的道路。尽管如此,在这后 OpenSea 垄断时代,也有挺多正规军入场,如 Coinbase 的 NFT 市场、FTX 的 NFT 市场;同时随着多链趋势的成熟,OpenSea 或许会错过以太坊之外的 NFT 交易市场份额,如 Magic Eden 当前已经是 Solana 网络上最大的 NFT 市场,尽管成交量还远小于 OpenSea,但交易数有时已是 OpenSea 的两三倍。
Uniswap
赛道:ETH AMM DEX
垄断指数:80%

市场

根据 Dune Analytics 的数据统计,按照成交量占比算,目前 Uniswap 在以太坊等链上的市场份额高达 80%,在稳定币 AMM 这个细分领域,即使在 Curve War 如日中天的当下,在新费率(如 0.01%)选项通过后,Uniswap 的市场份额也接近 90%。
虽然 AMM 目前并不存在什么技术垄断,市面上的各类微创新 AMM 也层出不穷,但 Uniswap Labs 在 DEX 领域的持续创新(AMM 的开创以及集中流动性等),或许是其保持市场份额的关键。
但需要注意的是 Uniswap 并没有进入 BSC Solana 等其他公链,因此如果将视角拓展到所有公链的 DEX,它的整体垄断程度就会更低一些。
MetaMask
赛道:浏览器插件钱包
垄断指数:85%
其实在以太坊生态以及所有兼容 EVM 的生态中,MetaMask 插件钱包凭借其先发优势,近乎是实现了碾压式的垄断;不过 EVM 之外的这一块市场,MetaMask 暂时尚未发起攻势。不知该赛道的新产品能够借助某些新趋势的东风,迅速占领些许市场份额。目前市场也有许多各具特色的新插件钱包,如 Coinbase Wallet、Coin98 Wallet、Rabby、麦子钱包插件、TP 插件钱包、XDEFI 以及 Liquality 等。MetaMask 没有垄断的地区包括:在中文市场,TP 钱包影响力更大;在 Solana 等非 EVM 公链,有其自有钱包。
WBTC
赛道:比特币锚定币
垄断指数:80%

市场


WBTC 由 BitGo、Kyber Network 与 Republic protocol 等项目方联合推出的比特币锚定币,于2019 年 1 月正式上线,是比特币的第一个 ERC20 版本代币,也是当前以太坊上供应最多的比特币锚定币,市场份额高达 81%,目前以太坊上的其他比特币锚定币还有 hBTC、renBTC、sBTC、imBTC、tBTC、pBTC。
Lido
赛道:以太坊 2.0 质押赛道
垄断指数:85%

市场


Lido 是一个以太坊2.0 质押服务平台,用户可质押任意数量 ETH,并 1:1 获得质押代币stETH,用于参与 DeFi 市场其他服务。以太坊 2.0 质押赛道也有其他选手,如 Ankr、StakeHound、SharedStake、Stakewise、StaFi、Rocketpool 等,不过目前 Lido 近乎是垄断着该赛道,当前的市场份额高达 85%。
Deribit
赛道:中心化的期权交易平台
垄断指数:90%

市场

Deribit 是一个数字货币衍生品交易所,也是目前全球最大的比特币期权交易平台。根据 The Block 的数据统计,当前市场的未平仓比特币期权总量中,Deribit 的占比高达 87%;在未平仓以太坊期权总量中,更是占到了96%。
Flashbots
赛道:MEV
垄断指数:95%
注:矿工可提取价值(MEV)是指矿工通过在其生产的区块内任意包含、排除或重排序交易等能力所获得利润的一种度量。
Flashbots 是一个研究 & 开发组织,成立的初衷是缓解由 MEV 给以太坊带来的网络拥堵(即点对点网络的负担加大)、链拥堵(即区块空间紧张)、以及对以太坊的共识安全的潜在威胁。
虽然目前在 MEV 赛道中,也有 Eden Network、KeeperDAO 等选手,但基本上跟 Flashbots 不是一个量级的。
Chainlink
赛道:预言机
垄断指数:90%
尽管目前预言机赛道涌入了许多新选手,诸如 API3、Band 、NEST、DOS、Tellor 等,但目前绝大多数 DeFi 项目还是采用 Chainlink 的喂价服务,毕竟数据喂价的真实性稳定性直接影响了DeFi 项目的生死存亡,这时候选择龙头服务自然是最保险的做法,不过现在挺多 DeFi 项目也兼容采用 Uniswap 的 TWAP(时间加权平均价格)预言机服务。
Gnosis Safe
赛道:资产多签管理
垄断指数:99%
Gnosis Safe 是一款多签钱包,目前许多 DeFi 协议和 DAO 都采用它来管理他们的资金。目前在资产多签管理这一赛道,似乎暂未有稍有知名度的产品与之竞争。
Tornado Cash
赛道:混币协议
垄断指数:95%
Tornado Cash 是以太坊上最大的去中心化混币协议,混币协议这一赛道也有 Onion Mixer、Miximus 这一类新选手,不过目前与 Tornado Cash 尚不是同个量级。
Chainalysis
赛道:链上数据分析、链上安全
垄断指数:90%
Chainalysis 成立于 2014 年,主要为加密货币交易所、国际执法机构、以及其他客户提供比特币交易分析软件,帮助他们遵守合规要求,评估风险,并且识别非法活动,希望成为数字货币与传统银行之间联系的桥梁。因此,Chainalysis 跟常见的智能合约安全审计厂商还是有很大区别的,更加偏向于合规审查以及安全协作。
比特大陆
赛道:比特币矿机
垄断指数:70%
比特大陆是目前全球最大的比特币矿机制造商。比特大陆 2021 年销售金额大约在 50~100 亿美金,占据比特币矿机市场超过 70% 的市场份额。该赛道的其他选手有嘉楠科技、神马等。不过比特大陆的垄断面临很大调整,2018年神马的崛起导致其市场份额骤降,目前英特尔的发力也可能带来影响。

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