Maker DAO 的生存危机

老雅痞Published on 2022-09-04Last updated on 2022-09-04

Abstract

Maker 的稳定币 DAI 与“去中心化”稳定币挂钩,因为它是由加密货币抵押的。但正如他们常说的那样,去中心化是多样化的,DAI 也由 USDC 等中心化稳定币担保。

加密货币分析师们喜欢使用的稳定币有一个漂亮的分类法:1)法币支持的稳定币(我们不喜欢这些,因为监管机构可以审查它们);2)加密货币支持的稳定币(我们喜欢这些,因为它们是不可审查的);以及3)算法稳定币(随着Terra的崩溃,它们已经失宠了)。

Maker 的稳定币 DAI 与“去中心化”稳定币挂钩,因为它是由加密货币抵押的。但正如他们常说的那样,去中心化是多样化的,DAI 也由 USDC 等中心化稳定币担保。

资料来源:截至 2022 年 9 月 3 日的 Daistats

现在,DAI仍然由区块链上的智能合约驱动,并且是透明的,所以这使得它部分中心化或部分非中心化,这取决于你是一个半满的杯子还是空的杯子。

这使得DAI是好是坏?在这一点上,你可以有两种反应,取决于你戴什么帽子。

第一种是戴上一顶哲学家的帽子,完全“去中心化”。而事实上,这顶帽子很容易戴。有很多去中心化的稳定币,人们可以举出很多例子,例如Reflexer Finance的自由流通的RAI,它是纯粹的加密货币抵押,不与美元挂钩。但是哲学家们不善于从经验角度思考问题,他们忘记了RAI的520万流通量只是DAI(65亿)的一个小数目。因此,虽然RAI接近于加密货币的去中心化理想,但它没有面临与Maker相同的可扩展性问题,也没有在相同的水平上实现用户采用,这就是它的问题。

对DAI的部分中心化的第二种反应当然是戴上实用主义的帽子,增长和用户采用优先于恼人的、抽象的哲学理想(当然,直到监管机构提醒你)。DAI的部分中心化是令人遗憾的,但它仍然是对法定货币的相对改进,这是很好的,也是将我们带到加密货币领域的原因。

像往常一样,现在DAI出现了困难的权衡。实用主义者想要发展,但这就必须牺牲去中心化。哲学家们希望保持不可信任和去中心化,但这伴随着较低的可扩展性。Greg Di Prisco本周在Twitter上发表了一篇不错的文章,总结了最近几个月在Maker治理社区中出现的各种意识形态阵营。这些阵营之间冲突的核心就是这种权衡。

美国财政部对龙卷风现金制裁的武断和突然因素,似乎引发了Maker社区内的膝跳反应,Jacek Czarnecki感叹为“被动的、信息不足的、有时是无知的”,然后重新思考其监管合规战略。

Maker的生存危机使Maker在过去一年中为了发展而接受的两个主要中心化载体成为焦点:

1. 第一个当然是DAI对USDC抵押品的严重依赖。关于我们如何走到这一步的一些背景。Maker在2021年初推出了挂钩稳定模块(PSM),允许用美元稳定的资产铸造DAI。这允许更大的可扩展性,因为针对ETH等分散抵押品铸造DAI的需求很低(用户想持有DAI),但他们不想在这个过程中做空ETH。这里的缺点是它牺牲了不可信任性,因为中心化的美元挂钩资产增加了监管风险,正如本月初Circle冻结了被OFAC列入黑名单的Tornado Cash地址中的75,000 USDC,就清楚地表明了这一点。

2. 其次是Maker的真实资产(RWA)风险,其中包括房地产开发的担保贷款、代币化现金流资产、美国国债和公司债券等等。Maker的RWA占Maker年化收入的~8-10%,非同小可。

在本周一个题为“合规之路,去中心化之路”的重磅消息中。Maker联合创始人Rune Christensen提出了一条大幅限制其对中心化资产依赖的道路:为什么Maker别无选择,只能准备让Dai自由浮动。因为……嗯,看看Tornado Cash发生了什么?

Christensen对Maker的去中心化愿景的核心是两个主要工具:MetaDAO和协议拥有的金库。这两种工具的组合将有效地减少Maker现有的监管风险,并使其走上可行的发展道路。

1、MetaDAO(又称Maker子DAO)可以发行自己的代币,为用户提供收益率耕作奖励,并抵消自由浮动的DAI的任何价值下降。这里的关键是,尽管其自由浮动的波动,MetaDAO与Maker的紧密联系,可以帮助激励对DAI的某种形式的需求。(当然,这取决于许多未知因素,即这些MetaDAO项目的价值–为什么这些MetaDAO代币对散户有价值?为什么散户会购买它们?)

2、另一方面,Protocol Owned Vaults是一种利用以太坊合并的策略。这促使Maker推出了自己的合成ETH版本,可以用来发行针对它的超额抵押DAI,同时赚取抵押ETH每年4-5%的收益。虽然合并计划在几周内发生,但Beacon Chain提款将不会启用,直到预定的上海网络升级,即合并后6-12个月。

最后,Christensen为 Maker 制定了时间表。

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