莫斯科正式实施禁止挖矿法令,将引发哪些后果

cryptonews.ruPublished on 2026-08-17Last updated on 2026-08-17

Abstract

自8月15日起,莫斯科、莫斯科州及部分库尔斯克州地区实施为期六年的加密货币挖矿禁令,旨在缓解电力供应紧张风险。此举使俄罗斯实施挖矿限制的地区增至16个。此前法规已做出调整,允许使用自有发电设备(如燃气发电机)的挖矿活动继续运营。 行业专家指出,莫斯科地区电力资源竞争激烈,挖矿相比数据中心创造就业较少,因此禁令在预期之内。对库尔斯克州的限制还考虑了边境地区基础设施的稳定性。大型合法矿商预计将搬迁设备至电力过剩、政策明确的地区,而小型或半合法运营商则将面临成本上升和边缘化风险。 总体而言,禁令加速了市场分化:挖矿业将趋向于集中在电力充足地区的正规工业规模运营,或被挤出合法市场。同时,全球比特币价格低迷、电力成本上涨及即将到来的“减半”事件,也给俄罗斯矿商带来了普遍压力。行业自2024年合法化后,部分公司因财务问题关闭,监管正通过能源准入而不仅是税收来塑造市场格局。

自8月15日起,莫斯科、莫斯科州及库尔斯克州部分地区已根据政府法令禁止挖矿。该限制将持续六年——直至2032年12月31日。

对挖矿的限制是由地方当局提出的。原因在于,与其他地区的情况类似,连接高能耗设备可能导致电力短缺的风险。

俄罗斯的加密货币挖矿活动于2024年11月合法化,但自2025年起,已在多个地区被禁止。截至目前,总计有16个联邦主体实施了相关限制。

政策的放宽与收紧

最初的禁令涵盖所有形式的挖矿,但在2025年3月,为那些通过自发电(例如,使用燃气发电机组、柴油发电机或其他不接入国家统一电网的自治电站)进行加密货币挖矿的人士制定了例外规定。

行业的主要参与者在数年前就已开始转向自有的天然气发电。在气田附近直接部署基础设施,已成为降低对电网限制依赖的一种方式。

2025年,挖矿与人工智能计算基础设施结合的趋势有所增强。但此处的复杂性在于,当局将传统数据中心归类为通信设施,并赋予其一系列优惠,条件是禁止在其中进行挖矿。

“莫斯科是挖矿的有争议平台”

所有出台的限制措施迫使矿工不断更换地区和运营场所。Technobit公司总经理亚历山大·佩列西昌认为,在莫斯科地区和库尔斯克州部分地区生效的挖矿禁令,再次改变了俄罗斯境内挖矿基础设施的部署规则。

对全球比特币网络而言,影响将是微乎其微的:在这些地区运作的俄罗斯算力,尚未达到能显著影响全网哈希率的程度。但这对俄罗斯市场是一个重要信号:专家警告,挖矿最终将不再被视为可以随处开展的活动。

专家认为,主要后果是,该行业将进一步向电力过剩、接入条件明确且地区政府愿意承接此类负载的地方转移。他表示,莫斯科地区对于挖矿来说原本就是一个有争议的平台:这里的数据中心、工业、住宅建设和城市基础设施之间对电力存在激烈竞争。

“挖矿消耗大量电力,但并未创造出像传统数据中心那样多的就业岗位和配套服务。因此,对当局而言,选择支持数据中心看起来更为合理。”佩列西昌说。

至于库尔斯克州,那里的禁令不仅与电力系统的经济性有关,还与边境地区基础设施的稳定性有关。专家解释说,在这种情况下,那些对地区并非至关重要的高能耗负载,将首当其冲受到限制。

市场分化

对于大型合法运营商而言,这并非灾难,而是基础设施重组的一个因素:他们将转移设备,寻找拥有自有发电设施或签订长期购电协议的场地,佩列西昌这样认为。他指出,那些在城市电网中运营、在工业场地上采用不透明的接入方案或通过挖矿托管(挖矿酒店)方式运作的小型和半合法矿工将面临更大的困难。专家警告,对他们来说,禁令意味着成本上升和被迫转入灰色地带的风险。

“长远来看,这一决定加速了市场分化。俄罗斯的挖矿活动要么将是工业化的,拥有明确的能源方案、注册登记,并部署在合适的地区;要么将被排挤出法律许可的范围。对于行业而言,这是一个痛苦但合乎逻辑的阶段:监管现在不仅通过税收和登记制度进行,还通过获取能源容量的途径来实施。”佩列西昌总结道。

总体而言,行业参与者此前曾指出,将挖矿纳入法律框架产生了与其初衷相反的效果——如果说法制化之前国内存在数家大型挖矿公司,那么2024年之后,部分公司因财务问题而关闭,其他则继续为自己运营,不再向第三方提供服务。

与此同时,困扰俄罗斯矿工的不仅是立法限制,还有全球行业普遍面临的因素。这些因素包括:比特币价格低于全球平均开采成本、电价上涨以及2028年比特币减半事件的临近。由于挖矿无利可图,部分参与者被迫关闭设备。

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Related Questions

Q莫斯科等地禁止挖矿的主要直接原因是什么?

A主要直接原因是防范电力短缺。当局认为连接高耗能的挖矿设备可能导致电力供应紧张,这与其它已实施禁令地区的考量一致。

Q根据文章,禁令对哪一类挖矿者网开一面,提供了例外?

A禁令的例外情况针对那些使用自发电设备(如燃气活塞装置、柴油发电机或其他独立发电站)进行挖矿,且不接入国家统一电网的从业者。

Q文章中提到,对于俄罗斯市场而言,莫斯科地区的禁令传递了什么重要信号?

A这个禁令传递了一个重要信号:挖矿不再被视为一种可以随意在任何地方进行的活动。它标志着行业将面临更严格的地域限制和监管。

Q专家亚历山大·佩列西昌认为,禁令将如何影响俄罗斯的挖矿市场格局?

A专家认为,禁令将加速俄罗斯挖矿市场的两极分化。市场将分化为:1. 工业化、有明确电力来源、注册合规并在合适地区运营的合法挖矿;2. 被排挤出法律框架之外的非正规挖矿。这实际上是通过电力资源分配来加强行业监管。

Q除了区域性禁令,全球性的哪些因素也在给俄罗斯矿工带来压力?

A全球性压力因素包括:比特币价格低于全球平均挖矿成本、电价上涨以及预计在2028年发生的比特币区块奖励减半(“减半”)。这些因素共同导致部分矿工因亏损而不得不关闭设备。

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