USDT a reçu un feu rouge

cryptonews.ruPublished on 2026-08-10Last updated on 2026-08-10

Abstract

Les détenteurs russes du stablecoin USDT pourraient voir leurs actifs bloqués, selon des déclarations du président de la banque PSB, Petr Fradkov, rapportées par RBC. La société émettrice Tether gèlerait des tokens à sa discrétion, une pratique confirmée par des sources de Kommersant FM touchant récemment des entreprises en Iran et en Russie. Des montants bloqués atteindraient parfois plusieurs millions de dollars. Tether Limited utilise depuis plusieurs années l'outil de gel des tokens sur différents réseaux comme ERC-20 et TRC-20, dans le cadre de la lutte contre la criminalité et de l'application des politiques de sanctions. La société applique un marquage AML pour tracer les liens entre portefeuilles. Si des tokens proviennent d'adresses affiliées à des listes de sanctions, Tether peut bloquer ces adresses. Dans certains cas, un portefeuille entier a été gelé parce qu'une infime partie des actifs (par exemple 1%) provenait d'une adresse blacklistée. Les utilisateurs ne peuvent pas se prémunir contre ces gels, car le marquage peut être appliqué rétroactivement. Tether peut également, via un mécanisme spécial, déémettre puis réémettre des tokens pour les restituer à une victime de vol, agissant ainsi comme une forme de saisie et de restitution. Cependant, le risque concerne principalement les entités explicitement ou indirectement soumises aux sanctions américaines ou européennes. Pour les citoyens et entreprises russes ordinaires utilisant USDT à des fins privées via des...

Les propriétaires de jetons $USDT en Russie pourraient voir leurs actifs bloqués. C'est du moins ce qu'a déclaré le président de la banque PSB, Petr Fradkov, dans une interview à RBC. Selon lui, l'émetteur Tether gèle les jetons à sa discrétion. D'après la PSB, des entreprises d'Iran et de Russie ont récemment été confrontées à des blocages. Des interlocuteurs de "Ъ FM" confirment également ce risque.

Les montants atteignent parfois plusieurs millions de dollars, explique Ignat Likhonov, fondateur de l'agence juridique Cartesius :

« Tether Limited utilise activement depuis plusieurs années un outil tel que le gel des jetons. La société le fait sur différents réseaux où le jeton $USDT est officiellement émis — ERC-20, TRC-20 — dans le but de lutter contre la criminalité et de mettre en œuvre la politique de sanctions. Il faut comprendre que Tether Limited ne voit pas la "couleur du passeport" dans la blockchain. La société utilise des outils de marquage AML qui établissent des liens entre les portefeuilles. S'il s'avère que certains portefeuilles contiennent des jetons provenant d'adresses affiliées à des listes de sanctions, Tether peut bloquer ces adresses.

Notre pratique a également connu de tels cas : des portefeuilles ont été bloqués, par exemple, avec des sommes de plusieurs millions de dollars simplement parce qu'à peine 1 % des actifs dessus provenaient d'adresses marquées comme $USDT blacklisted. Peut-on se prémunir d'une manière ou d'une autre contre le gel des jetons $USDT ? L'utilisateur ne peut en aucun cas s'en assurer, car le marquage peut apparaître rétroactivement. La raison initiale du blocage reste floue : l'utilisateur ne voit que le $USDT marqué comme blacklisted.

Tether Limited, bien sûr, essaie de ne pas abuser de tels blocages pour ne pas saper la confiance en son jeton. Mais compte tenu des volumes de fonds gelés récemment, ce processus devient de plus en plus visible. Tether a la capacité de retirer pratiquement des fonds d'un utilisateur et de les restituer à un autre. Par exemple, si les pièces d'une personne sont volées et transférées sur une autre adresse, Tether peut les geler sur cette adresse, puis les brûler. C'est un mécanisme spécial : en gros, la société désémet ces jetons, puis les réémet, mais cette fois sur le portefeuille de la victime. Ainsi, il se produit effectivement un processus de confiscation des fonds et de leur restitution au propriétaire. »

Cependant, seules les entreprises tombant directement ou indirectement sous le coup de sanctions américaines ou européennes sont vraiment à risque, note Yuri Brisov, partenaire du cabinet d'avocats Digital & Analogue Partners. Selon lui, les détenteurs de jetons $USDT doivent surveiller attentivement sur quelles plateformes ils stockent leurs actifs :

« Dès 2022, ils ont immédiatement déclaré qu'ils collaboreraient avec l'OFAC et empêcheraient le contournement des sanctions sectorielles européennes. Et ils s'y emploient systématiquement, de manière absolument ouverte : ils écrivent toujours la justification pour laquelle tel ou tel portefeuille a été bloqué. Ils n'agissent pas selon leur propre discrétion, mais coordonnent toujours cela avec les forces de l'ordre, l'OFAC et le ministère américain de la Justice.

Quels détenteurs du jeton $USDT sont les plus à risque ? Aujourd'hui, si un citoyen russe achète des jetons sur n'importe quelle bourse légale qui fournit encore de tels services en Russie et les utilise à des fins privées, c'est tout à fait légal et ne viole aucune sanction. Seule l'activité d'une personne sous sanctions qui achète des jetons pour contourner les sanctions peut être bloquée via le $USDT. Cela ne s'applique en aucun cas aux citoyens ordinaires et aux entreprises ordinaires. »

En mars de l'année dernière, Tether a bloqué des portefeuilles sur la plateforme d'échange cryptographique russe Garantex. Plus tard, l'émetteur a expliqué cette mesure par les sanctions contre la plateforme imposées par le Trésor américain. Selon les estimations des interlocuteurs de "Ъ FM", les utilisateurs ont perdu l'accès à des actifs d'une valeur supérieure à 2,5 milliards de roubles.

Nikita Poutiatine

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Related Questions

QQuel est le principal message de cet article concernant les détenteurs russes d'USDT ?

ALes détenteurs russes de tokens USDT pourraient voir leurs actifs bloqués, car l'émetteur Tether gèle les tokens à sa discrétion pour faire respecter les sanctions, selon le président de la banque PSB, Petr Fradkov.

QComment Tether Limited identifie-t-elle les portefeuilles à bloquer, selon Ignat Likhunov ?

ATether Limited utilise des outils de marquage AML (Anti-Money Laundering) qui établissent des liens entre les portefeuilles. Si des tokens proviennent d'adresses affiliées à des listes de sanctions, l'entreprise peut bloquer ces adresses.

QSelon Yuri Brisov, qui est le plus à risque de voir ses tokens USDT gelés ?

ASeules les personnes ou entités directement ou indirectement soumises aux sanctions américaines ou européennes, et qui utilisent les tokens pour contourner ces sanctions, courent un risque significatif. Les citoyens ordinaires utilisant les tokens à des fins privées et légales ne sont pas concernés.

QQuel exemple concret de blocage par Tether est mentionné dans l'article ?

AEn mars de l'année dernière, Tether a bloqué des portefeuilles sur la bourse de cryptomonnaies russe Garantex, après que le Trésor américain eut imposé des sanctions contre cette plateforme. Les utilisateurs ont perdu l'accès à des actifs d'une valeur de plus de 2,5 milliards de roubles.

QQuelle capacité particulière Tether possède-t-elle concernant les tokens gelés, selon l'article ?

ATether a la capacité de retirer effectivement des fonds d'un utilisateur et de les restituer à un autre. Par exemple, en cas de vol, elle peut geler les tokens sur l'adresse du voleur, les détruire (désémettre), puis les réémettre sur le portefeuille de la victime.

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