USDT recibe una luz roja

cryptonews.ruPublished on 2026-08-10Last updated on 2026-08-10

Abstract

Los titulares de tokens USDT en Rusia podrían ver sus activos bloqueados, según advirtió el presidente del banco PSB, Petr Fradkov. La empresa emisora, Tether, congela tokens a su discreción, con casos recientes que afectan a compañías en Irán y Rusia. Los montos bloqueados pueden llegar a millones de dólares. Tether utiliza herramientas AML para rastrear direcciones vinculadas a listas sancionadas y puede bloquear carteras incluso si solo un pequeño porcentaje de los fondos proviene de fuentes marcadas. No hay forma de que los usuarios se protejan completamente, ya que el marcado puede aplicarse retroactivamente. Tether coopera con autoridades como la OFAC y actúa para prevenir la evasión de sanciones. Sin embargo, el riesgo se limita principalmente a entidades bajo sanciones internacionales; los ciudadanos rusos comunes que usen USDT para fines privados y a través de exchanges legales no están afectados. En marzo del año pasado, Tether bloqueó carteras en la exchange rusa Garantex, inmovilizando activos por valor de más de 2.500 millones de rublos, tras sanciones del Tesoro de EE.UU.

A los titulares del token $USDT de Rusia podrían bloquérseles los activos. Al menos eso es lo que afirmó el presidente del banco PSB, Petr Fradkov, en una entrevista con RBC. Según sus palabras, la empresa emisora Tether congela los tokens a su discreción. Según datos del PSB, últimamente empresas de Irán y Rusia se han enfrentado a estos bloqueos. Los riesgos también son confirmados por interlocutores de “Ъ FM”.

A veces las cantidades alcanzan varios millones de dólares, dice Ignat Likhonov, fundador de la agencia legal Cartesius:

«Tether Limited lleva varios años utilizando activamente una herramienta como la congelación de tokens. La compañía lo hace en diferentes redes donde el token $USDT está emitido oficialmente — ERC-20, TRC-20 — con el propósito de combatir el crimen e implementar políticas de sanciones. Hay que entender que Tether Limited no ve el "color del pasaporte" en la cadena de bloques. La compañía utiliza herramientas de etiquetado AML, que establecen conexiones entre carteras. Si se descubre que en ciertas carteras hay tokens provenientes de direcciones afiliadas a listas sancionadas, Tether puede bloquear esas direcciones.

En nuestra práctica también ha habido tales casos: a personas les bloquearon, por ejemplo, una cartera con una suma de varios millones de dólares solo porque literalmente el 1% de los activos en ella provenían de direcciones que habían sido etiquetadas como $USDT blacklisted. ¿Es posible protegerse de alguna manera de la congelación de tokens $USDT? El usuario no puede asegurarse contra esto de ninguna manera, porque el etiquetado puede aparecer retroactivamente. La razón inicial del bloqueo sigue sin estar clara: el usuario solo ve que $USDT está marcado como blacklisted.

Tether Limited, por supuesto, trata de no abusar de tales bloqueos para no socavar la confianza en su token. Pero considerando los volúmenes de fondos que se congelan últimamente, este proceso se vuelve cada vez más notable. Tether tiene la capacidad de prácticamente confiscar fondos de un usuario y devolvérselos a otro. Por ejemplo, si a una persona le roban monedas y las transfieren a otra dirección, Tether puede congelarlas en esa dirección y luego quemarlas. Es un mecanismo especial: en términos generales, la compañía des-emite esos tokens, y luego los emite de nuevo, pero a la cartera de la víctima. Así, básicamente ocurre un proceso de confiscación de fondos y su devolución al propietario».

Sin embargo, en la zona de riesgo probablemente solo están aquellas empresas que directa o indirectamente caen bajo sanciones estadounidenses o europeas, señala Yuri Brisov, socio de la firma legal Digital & Analogue Partners. Según sus palabras, los titulares de tokens $USDT deben vigilar cuidadosamente en qué plataformas almacenan sus activos:

«Desde 2022, declararon inmediatamente que colaborarían con la OFAC y evitarían la elusión de sanciones sectoriales europeas. Y lo hacen de manera consistente y absolutamente abierta: siempre escriben la justificación de por qué se bloqueó tal o cual cartera o carteras. No actúan por algún criterio personal, sino que siempre lo coordinan con las fuerzas del orden, la OFAC y el Departamento de Justicia de EE.UU.

¿Quiénes de los titulares del token $USDT están en la mayor zona de riesgo? En la actualidad, si un ciudadano ruso compra tokens en cualquier intercambio legal que todavía preste tales servicios en Rusia, y los utiliza con fines privados, esto es absolutamente legal y no viola ninguna sanción. Solo la actividad de una persona sancionada que compre tokens para eludir sanciones puede ser bloqueada a través de $USDT. Esto no se aplica en absoluto a los ciudadanos comunes ni a las empresas ordinarias».

En marzo del año pasado, Tether bloqueó carteras en el intercambio cripto ruso Garantex. Posteriormente, el emisor explicó dicho paso como consecuencia de las sanciones contra la plataforma impuestas por el Tesoro de EE.UU. Según estimaciones de interlocutores de “Ъ FM”, los usuarios perdieron acceso a activos por un valor superior a 2500 millones de rublos.

Nikita Putyatin

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Related Questions

Q¿Quiénes corren el riesgo de que sus activos USDT sean bloqueados según el artículo?

ASegún el artículo, los titulares de tokens USDT en Rusia y empresas de Irán y Rusia pueden ver sus activos bloqueados. El riesgo es mayor para las empresas que directa o indirectamente están sujetas a sanciones estadounidenses o europeas.

Q¿Cómo funciona el proceso de congelación de tokens USDT por parte de Tether Limited?

ATether Limited utiliza herramientas AML (Anti-Money Laundering) para rastrear y marcar direcciones de carteras. Si se detecta que tokens USDT provienen o están en carteras asociadas a listas de sanciones (blacklisted), la compañía puede bloquear esos fondos, incluso de manera retroactiva.

Q¿Puede Tether Limited devolver tokens USDT robados a sus dueños legítimos?

ASí, según el artículo, Tether tiene un mecanismo para congelar tokens en direcciones vinculadas a robos, luego quemarlos (des-emitirlos) y volver a emitirlos en la cartera de la víctima, efectivamente devolviendo los fondos.

QSegún el experto Yuri Brisov, ¿están en riesgo todos los ciudadanos rusos que poseen USDT?

ANo, según Yuri Brisov, un ciudadano ruso que compre tokens en un intercambio legal y los use para fines privados no viola sanciones y no está en riesgo. El peligro existe principalmente para personas o entidades bajo sanciones que usen USDT para eludirlas.

Q¿Qué incidente importante relacionado con bloqueos de USDT en Rusia se menciona en el artículo?

AEn marzo del año pasado, Tether bloqueó carteras en la plataforma de criptomonedas rusa Garantex tras las sanciones impuestas por el Departamento del Tesoro de EE.UU. Los usuarios perdieron acceso a activos valorados en más de 2.5 mil millones de rublos.

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