高盛合伙人:盈利才是核心驱动力,标普 500 年内有望再创历史新高

marsbitPublished on 2026-08-04Last updated on 2026-08-04

Abstract

强劲的企业盈利正成为美股核心驱动力。高盛合伙人John Flood指出,标普500指数第二季度每股收益(EPS)同比增速追踪值高达45%,远超市场预期;剔除非经常性项目后增速仍达26%,为2021年以来最快。分析师已开始上调2027年盈利预期,修正趋势在多数板块保持正面。 同时,市场仓位趋于“干净”:高盛情绪指标从高位回落,对冲基金去杠杆明显,零售投资者杠杆也开始降温。这种“去泡沫化”的仓位环境为市场进一步上行创造了条件。 从估值看,美股相对其他主要市场处于较便宜水平,且AI超级周期的红利尚未完全释放,科技公司持续加大资本投入。不过,历史数据显示中期选举年8月至选举日期间市场回报中位数为0%,因此尽管盈利面支撑强劲,实现年内新高的具体节奏仍存在不确定性。

作者:赵颖

强劲的企业盈利正在为美股多头提供最有力的支撑。高盛合伙人John Flood认为,随着市场仓位趋于“干净”,标普500指数年内有望再创历史新高,而驱动这一判断的核心逻辑是——盈利。

据高盛数据,标普500指数第二季度每股收益(EPS)同比增速追踪值高达45%,远超季初22%的市场一致预期。即便剔除Alphabet和亚马逊合计约1510亿美元股权投资相关"其他收入"等非经常性项目,标普500 EPS增速仍达26%,不仅较第一季度加速,更是2021年以来最快增速。与此同时,分析师已开始上调2027年盈利预期,修正方向在多数板块呈现正面。

在仓位层面,高盛情绪与仓位指标已从此前的高位回落,快速仓位指标普遍转向偏空,对冲基金去杠杆明显,零售投资者杠杆也开始降温。John Flood认为,这一"更干净"的仓位环境为市场进一步上行创造了条件。

盈利超预期,增速为五年最快

高盛数据显示,标普500指数第二季度EPS同比增速追踪值达45%,大幅超出季初22%的一致预期。其中,19个百分点的增长来自Alphabet与亚马逊合计1510亿美元的股权投资相关"其他收入",微软亦贡献了约30亿美元的同类收入。

剔除上述非核心收入来源后,标普500 EPS增速仍达26%,较第一季度进一步加速,创下2021年以来最快增长节奏。从个股层面看,标普500成分股中位数EPS同比增速追踪值为12%,同样超出季初9%的一致预期,表明盈利改善具有较强的广泛性,并非仅由少数科技巨头拉动。

前瞻预期持续上修,修正广度保持正面

强劲的二季度业绩不仅反映了过去的经营成果,也推动分析师持续上调前瞻盈利预测。自第三季度开始以来,市场对标普500指数2027年EPS的一致预期已上调约1%,其中能源和金融板块获得最大幅度的上修。

从修正广度来看,标普500成分股中盈利预期被上调的公司数量持续多于被下调的公司,修正广度维持正值。高盛认为,这种全面性的上修趋势是支撑市场估值的重要基础。

仓位"去泡沫化",为上行腾出空间

在市场情绪与仓位方面,高盛情绪与仓位指标已降至第53百分位,较此前高位明显回落。多数快速仓位指标转向偏空:期货仓位虽仍偏高但已不再处于极端水平,申购/认沽比率下降,投资者调查显示乐观情绪减退,主动管理型基金的美股仓位(NAAIM指数为79.7)也有所收缩。

对冲基金层面,去杠杆化尤为显著——总杠杆率已回吐年内涨幅的一半,净杠杆率较年初下降。零售投资者方面,杠杆水平开始降温,韩国股市保证金余额从历史高位回落,日本融资买入规模也从1990年以来最高水平开始回撤,美国投资者对半导体股票的买入力度亦有所放缓。

John Flood认为,上述仓位的“去泡沫化”意味着市场结构更为健康,潜在的抛压有所减轻,为指数进一步走高创造了更有利的条件。

估值相对偏低,AI周期提供长期支撑

从全球横向比较来看,高盛数据显示,相对于其他主要市场,美股估值目前处于相对"便宜"的水平。

与此同时,John Flood指出,AI超级周期的主要红利尚未完全释放,全球最大科技公司正持续加大资本投入,推动盈利改善的广度和深度不断扩展。

不过,高盛也提示了一个值得关注的季节性风险:自1974年以来的13个中期选举年中,标普500指数从8月初至选举日的中位数回报率为0%。这意味着,即便盈利基本面持续向好,John Flood的年内新高预判在时间节奏上仍存在不确定性。高盛的结论是:盈利图景为多头提供了有力支撑,但能否持续,仍是关键变量。

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Related Questions

Q根据高盛的数据,标普500指数第二季度的每股收益(EPS)同比增速追踪值是多少?

A标普500指数第二季度每股收益(EPS)同比增速追踪值高达45%。

Q在剔除Alphabet和亚马逊的非经常性项目收入后,标普500指数的EPS增速是多少?

A在剔除Alphabet和亚马逊合计约1510亿美元股权投资相关的‘其他收入’等非经常性项目后,标普500指数的EPS增速仍达26%。

Q高盛合伙人John Flood认为标普500指数年内有望再创新高的核心驱动力是什么?

A高盛合伙人John Flood认为,驱动标普500指数年内有望再创历史新高的核心逻辑是企业的盈利。

Q高盛认为当前市场的仓位环境如何,这为市场带来了什么影响?

A高盛认为当前市场的仓位环境已‘更干净’或‘去泡沫化’,表现为情绪指标回落、对冲基金去杠杆等。这种环境为市场进一步上行创造了条件,因为潜在的抛压减轻,市场结构更为健康。

Q文章中提到,在中期选举年的一个季节性风险是什么?

A文章中提到,自1974年以来的13个中期选举年中,标普500指数从8月初至选举日的中位数回报率为0%。这表明,即使盈利基本面良好,指数在选举季的时间节奏上也存在不确定性。

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