El Banco de Italia no ve ventajas sistémicas de los stablecoins en las transferencias

cryptonews.ruPublished on 2026-08-02Last updated on 2026-08-02

Abstract

Un estudio del Banco de Italia concluye que los stablecoins no ofrecen ventajas sistémicas claras en las transferencias internacionales en cuanto a coste y velocidad. El análisis de 10 corredores bilaterales con envíos de 200 USDC revela que los beneficios potenciales se ven erosionados por las comisiones para convertir a fiat y por la eficiencia de las infraestructuras locales de pago. Los costes de las transferencias con stablecoins variaron entre un 0,3% y casi un 9%, siendo a menudo inferiores a la media mundial del 6,65%. Sin embargo, solo en tres de siete rutas fueron más baratas que el servicio Wise. La velocidad dependió de la infraestructura local: menos de 20 minutos con sistemas de pago instantáneo y hasta uno o dos días hábiles sin ellos. Los principales cuellos de botella fueron los procesos de cambio de divisa y la calidad de los sistemas de pago locales, no las comisiones de la blockchain. Los investigadores sugieren que la utilidad de los stablecoins sería mayor si pudieran usarse directamente para pagos sin necesidad de reconversión. También advierten que una regulación excesivamente restrictiva, en lugar de eliminar la demanda, podría dificultar su uso para los clientes minoristas.

Una investigación del Banco de Italia ha revelado que los stablecoins no ofrecen una ventaja sostenible en cuanto a precio y velocidad en las transferencias monetarias. Todas las ventajas se pierden en las comisiones por entrada y salida a fiat y en los procesos de funcionamiento de las infraestructuras de pago locales.

Los autores compararon transferencias de 200 USDC en 10 corredores bilaterales entre Italia y Brasil, Argentina, Japón, Emiratos Árabes Unidos y Sudáfrica. Las métricas fueron el coste total y los plazos de liquidación en comparación con los servicios monetarios estándar.

Fuente: Banco de Italia.

El precio final de las transferencias con stablecoins osciló entre el 0,3% y casi el 9%, dependiendo de la ruta. En los corredores donde operaban sistemas de pago instantáneos, las liquidaciones tomaban menos de 20 minutos. Donde no existía dicha infraestructura, los plazos se extendían a uno o dos días laborables.

Fuente: Banco de Italia.

Los investigadores atribuyeron los principales costes y retrasos al intercambio y conversión de divisas, así como a la calidad de la infraestructura local. Las comisiones de la cadena de bloques, según su evaluación, no fueron el factor principal.

Fuente: Banco de Italia.

El coste medio mundial de las remesas, según datos del Banco Mundial, es del 6,65%. En la mayoría de los corredores estudiados, los stablecoins resultaron más baratos que este nivel, pero en comparación con Wise, la ventaja se dio solo en tres de las siete rutas comparables.

Los autores consideran que el efecto sería más notable si los stablecoins pudieran gastarse directamente en bienes y servicios sin necesidad de reconvertirlos a la moneda local.

También señalaron que los regímenes regulatorios prohibitivos no eliminan la demanda de "monedas estables", y que unas normas demasiado estrictas complican el uso de estas herramientas por parte de los clientes minoristas.

Recordemos que en julio, la capitalización bursátil total de los stablecoins se redujo en más de 10.000 millones de dólares respecto al pico de mayo, hasta unos 310.000 millones de dólares. Esta salida fue la mayor caída mensual desde el colapso de Terra en mayo de 2022.

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Related Questions

Q¿Qué concluyó el estudio del Banco de Italia sobre las ventajas de los stablecoins en las transferencias?

AEl estudio del Banco de Italia concluyó que los stablecoins no ofrecen una ventaja sostenida en precio y velocidad en las transferencias de dinero, ya que todas las ventajas potenciales se pierden en las comisiones por conversión a fiat y en los procesos de las infraestructuras de pago locales.

Q¿Cuáles fueron los costos finales de las transferencias con stablecoins en los corredores estudiados?

AEl precio final de las transferencias con stablecoins en los 10 corredores bilaterales estudiados osciló entre el 0.3% y casi el 9%, dependiendo de la ruta de envío.

Q¿Qué factores principales identificaron los investigadores como causantes de los costos y retrasos en las transferencias con stablecoins?

ALos investigadores identificaron que los costos y retrasos clave estaban asociados al intercambio y conversión de divisas, así como a la calidad de la infraestructura local de pagos, no siendo las comisiones de la blockchain el factor principal.

Q¿En cuántos de los siete corredores comparables las transferencias con stablecoins fueron más baratas que las realizadas a través de Wise?

ALas transferencias con stablecoins resultaron más baratas que las realizadas a través de Wise solo en tres de los siete corredores comparables analizados en el estudio.

QSegún los autores del estudio, ¿qué podría hacer que las ventajas de los stablecoins fueran más notables en las transferencias?

ALos autores creen que las ventajas de los stablecoins serían más notables si estas monedas se pudieran gastar directamente en bienes y servicios sin necesidad de convertirlas nuevamente a la moneda local.

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