STRC 大幅折价、mNAV 跌破盈亏线,Strategy 估值逻辑已被改写

Foresight NewsPublished on 2026-06-26Last updated on 2026-06-26

Abstract

近日,MSTR与STRC行情出现大幅波动,比特币储备企业的商业模式更接近银行,而非软件科技公司,应采用银行估值逻辑。核心指标为市净率(mNAV),即企业市值除以权益净资产值。当前Strategy的mNAV为1.10倍,其每股净比特币价值代表股东实际拥有的比特币数量。 若以当前股价增发10亿美元股权,资金用途有四种方案:加仓比特币、回购STRC、扩充现金储备、或两者各半。分析显示,加仓比特币对改善每股净比特币价值效果最弱,因其以溢价发行股票购买平价资产,反而稀释了市场关注的总比特币持仓指标。相比之下,折价回购STRC能立即创造价值,提升每股净比特币,降低债务占比,并优化资产负债表。同时,扩充现金储备可大幅提升分红现金覆盖月数,增强企业流动性安全。 当前STRC大幅折价,现金储备覆盖分红不足10个月,企业原有扩张假设已失效。在此估值区间,继续加仓比特币仅优化表层指标,却忽视了优先级债务高企、融资渠道收紧的核心风险。通过回购STRC或扩充现金储备,可修复资产负债表,提振STRC价格,从而降低分红收益率,重新打通面值增发渠道。 因此,对比特币储备企业的评估应聚焦银行式指标:市净率、每股账面价值及债务偿付能力。在当前环境下,优化财务结构比单纯增持比特币更为关键。


撰文:Khing Oei

编译:Chopper,Foresight News


近日 MSTR 与 STRC 行情出现大幅波动,我们不妨抛开短期涨跌,回归底层逻辑重新梳理:比特币储备企业本质是单一资产加杠杆的持有主体,商业模式更接近银行,而非软件科技公司。


从估值逻辑来看,市场绝不会仅凭总资产给银行定价。银行贷款资产由存款客户、债权持有人优先受偿,普通股股东仅享有剩余权益。因此银行估值核心指标为市净率,即总资产扣除优先级债务后的股东权益价值,这也是投行、券商银行分析师首要参考指标。


比特币储备企业的市净率指标为 mNAV:它等于企业市值除以权益净资产值,其中权益净资产值是指比特币储备减去优先于普通股的债务和优先股。截至昨日收盘,Strategy 的 mNAV 数值为 1.10 倍。(译者注:本文提到的昨日收盘数据均为 6 月 24 日数据)其背后的每股基本面是每股净比特币价值——即在优先债权结算后,每股实际拥有的比特币数量。这相当于以比特币计价的每股账面价值。而整个行业的焦点——每股比特币增长率——则代表了该账面价值的回报。对于一家资金管理公司而言,这几乎等同于盈利指标。


这套指标并非我凭空创造,只是将传统银行财务分析框架套用于比特币资产负债表:


  • 权益单位市值净值 = 市净率
  • 每股净比特币持仓 = 每股账面价值
  • 每股比特币持仓增速 = 账面资产收益率


这是所有加杠杆金融机构通用的估值逻辑,完全适用于这类比特币储备企业。


昨日收盘 MSTR 股价 94.13 美元,低于每股比特币总净值 143.76 美元,粗略总净值倍率仅 0.65 倍。单看这一口径,股价较比特币资产价值折价近三分之一,增发股票加仓比特币看似会稀释资产价值。 但扣除约 40% 被债务、优先股占据的比特币权益后,当前股价相对普通股实际持有的比特币资产的 1.1 倍。两种口径得出截然相反结论,而银行式估值框架才是正确标尺,也决定了企业当下新增资金该如何使用。


新增 10 亿美元资金,四种使用路径测算


假设以当前股价增发 10 亿美元股权,资金分四种用途测算效果:1)加仓比特币;2)回购 STRC;3)扩充现金储备;4)一半回购 STRC 一半补充现金储备。 增发股价 94.13 美元;昨日 STRC 收盘价 80.84 美元,较面值折价 19%,实际年化收益率 14.2%。每投入 1 美元回购,可注销面值 1.24 美元的 STRC,同时免除 11.5% 的永久股息。



四种方案对资产负债表的影响


四种方案中有三种方案不会增持比特币,仅调整上层优先债权结构:


回购 STRC:折价 19% 回购,10 亿资金可注销面值 12.4 亿美元 STRC,年度优先股分红从 17.11 亿美元降至 15.69 亿美元;

扩充现金储备:现金储备从 14 亿美元提升至 24 亿美元,分红支出不变;

五五拆分方案:现金增至 19 亿美元,分红支出降至 16.40 亿美元,注销 6.19 亿美元面值 STRC;

加仓比特币:唯一增加比特币储备的方案,持仓总量从 847363 枚升至 863787 枚,也是对核心指标改善最弱的选择。



按每股比特币总价值计算,四种方案全部出现稀释。即使你把全部 10 亿美元都用来购买比特币,每股价值也从 236,100 聪降至 233,757 聪;而在三种发行股票但不购买任何比特币的情况下,每股价值更是降至 229,312 聪。基于是,你会得出结论:该公司应该什么都不做。


但就每股净比特币价值而言,每一种选择都会带来增值:


  • 回购 STRC:每股净比特币持仓升至 142271 聪(+1.0%),债务占比从 40.4% 降至 38.0%,资产负债表修复效果最强;
  • 五五拆分方案:每股净比特币持仓变为 141744 聪,债务占比 38.2%,现金偿债覆盖能力大幅提升;
  • 单纯扩充现金储备或者加仓比特币:同为 141217 聪,增幅最小。


加仓比特币效果最差,逻辑十分清晰。你发行股票的价格是净资产值的 1.1 倍,而购买资产的价格却是净资产值的 1 倍。这只会微弱增加每股净比特币,却会稀释市场广为关注的总比特币持仓指标。相比之下,以折价回购 STRC,能立刻创造价值。


市场当下最关心指标是分红现金覆盖月数。Strategy 当前现金储备 14 亿美元,年度 STRC 分红总额 17.11 亿美元,现金仅可覆盖 9.8 个月分红:


  • 加仓比特币:覆盖维持 9.8 个月不变;
  • 回购 STRC:提升至 10.7 个月;
  • 单纯扩充现金储备:大幅提升至 16.8 个月;
  • 五五拆分方案:提升至 13.9 个月。


这是银行业另一核心指标:流动性覆盖率。资金宽松周期市场无人关注,融资收紧时却是决定企业生死的关键。而 STRC 跌破面值,正是市场融资渠道收紧的直接信号。



企业自身财报数据也印证这个结论


以上分析并非个人主观判断,Strategy 一季度财报给出了相同盈亏平衡阈值: 根据公司自身框架,仅当 mNAV 高于 1.22 倍时,抛售 MSTR 加仓比特币才能增加每股比特币持仓;当前 1 倍倍率下,此举会直接损耗 48 个基点。 当前公司的市盈率(EV)为 1.06 倍、mNAV 1.10 倍,均低于其内部盈亏平衡线。


公司原有常规扩张路线的两大核心假设现已全部失效。如果 STRC 可按面值正常增发、现金储备可覆盖 1.5 年分红。如今 STRC 市价仅 81 美元无法面值发行,现金储备覆盖不足 10 个月。


Strategy 该怎么办


在当前估值区间增发股权,将新增资金投入能实质性优化核心财务指标的渠道。扩充现金储备、折价回购 STRC 两大操作,均可增加每股净比特币、降低债务负担、修复市场担忧的流动性覆盖能力;五五拆分方案能同时实现所有这些目标。


当下继续加仓比特币,仅能优化大众关注的表层指标,却忽视了企业背负 150 亿美元优先级债务、融资渠道收紧的核心资产负债表风险。


只看总比特币持仓指标的投资者会忽略正向反馈逻辑。回购 STRC 会直接托底代币买盘,向市场传递流动性安全信号。市场恐慌情绪消退后,STRC 价格会向 100 美元面值修复;价格上涨对应收益率下行,当前 14.2% 的高收益会持续收窄。 完整正向循环就此形成:修复资产负债表→STRC 价格回升→分红收益率下行→此前关闭的面值增发渠道重新打通。


STRC 折价并非只能被动等待修复,当下的深度折价是企业能拿到的最低成本资本,也是重启其他融资渠道的关键。


评判比特币储备企业,应当沿用银行估值标准:市净率、每股账面价值、承压环境下的债务偿付能力。

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Related Questions

Q文章的核心观点是什么?比特币储备企业应如何被正确估值?

A文章的核心观点是,以MSTR(Strategy)为代表的比特币储备企业本质上是单一资产加杠杆的持有主体,商业模式接近银行而非科技公司。因此,其正确估值逻辑应沿用银行的分析框架,核心指标是市净率(mNAV),即企业市值除以权益净资产值(比特币储备扣除优先债务和优先股后的价值),而非仅看其持有的比特币总量。此外,每股净比特币价值(相当于账面价值)和现金流覆盖债务的能力也是关键指标。

Q文章中用哪两个关键指标来对比MSTR的股价进行分析?这两个指标得出的结论有何不同?

A文章使用了两个关键指标来分析MSTR的股价:一是每股比特币总净值(公司持有的所有比特币按市价折算的总价值除以总股本),二是每股净比特币价值(扣除优先债务和优先股后,普通股股东实际拥有的比特币价值折算)。截至6月24日,MSTR股价为94.13美元,低于其每股比特币总净值143.76美元,存在折价。但若看每股净比特币价值,其mNAV为1.10倍,股价相对于普通股股东的实际权益是溢价的。前者让增发购币看似稀释价值,后者才是银行式估值框架下的正确标尺。

Q假设MSTR增发10亿美元股权,文章分析了哪四种资金使用方案?其中哪个方案对改善核心财务指标效果最弱?

A文章分析了四种资金使用方案:1)加仓比特币;2)折价回购优先股(STRC);3)扩充现金储备;4)一半回购STRC,一半扩充现金储备。分析表明,加仓比特币是唯一增加比特币储备的方案,但对提升每股净比特币价值、降低债务占比、改善现金分红覆盖月数等核心财务指标的效果最弱。因为增发价格(mNAV 1.10倍)高于购买比特币的价格(市价,相当于1倍),会产生微弱稀释。而其他方案能更有效地优化资产负债表和流动性。

Q为什么文章认为在当前市场环境下,折价回购STRC比加仓比特币更重要?

A文章认为,在STRC市场价格大幅折价(80.84美元,低于100美元面值)、企业现金储备仅能覆盖不足10个月优先股分红的背景下,市场融资渠道已经收紧,资产负债表风险成为核心问题。此时,以折价回购STRC可以:1)立即注销高于投入资金面值的债务,直接增加每股净比特币价值;2)减少未来优先股分红支出,优化现金流;3)向市场传递流动性安全的积极信号,有助于稳定并提升STRC价格。这能形成一个修复资产负债表、重启面值增发渠道的正向循环,比单纯加仓比特币更能解决当前的根本风险。

Q文章提到Strategy公司自身的财报数据印证了什么结论?其原有扩张路线的假设为何失效?

A文章提到,Strategy公司一季度财报显示,只有当mNAV高于1.22倍时,增发股票加仓比特币才能增加每股比特币持仓。而当前公司mNAV仅为1.10倍,低于这个内部盈亏平衡线,意味着此时增发购币反而会稀释每股价值。这印证了文章分析的结论。公司原有的常规扩张路线基于两大核心假设:1)STRC可以按面值正常增发融资;2)现金储备能覆盖1.5年分红。但目前这两个假设均已失效:STRC市价大幅折价至81美元,现金储备仅能覆盖9.8个月分红,因此公司的策略必须转向优先修复资产负债表和流动性。

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Strategic partnerships with infrastructure providers that enhance Mantis's network capabilities and deployment strategies. Funding through the Composable Foundation's treasury, ensuring sustained financial support for ongoing development and operational costs. These collaborative efforts reflect a consensus among stakeholders about the importance of enhancing cross-chain functionality and the potential utility of Mantis's infrastructural innovations. Key Innovations Mantis sets itself apart through several pioneering innovations that enhance its functionality and utility: Chain-Agnostic Intents: Users can initiate transactions from any supported chain while settling on another. This flexibility empowers users, driving increased interaction among different platforms. AI-Powered Interface: The integration of DISE LLM allows users to conduct complex DeFi operations using natural language, thereby simplifying interactions and making blockchain technology accessible to a broader audience. Cross-Domain MEV Capture: Mantis creates an internal market for maximal extractable value (MEV) through competitions among solvers. This innovative approach allows for greater efficiency and value extraction in complex transactions. Modular Settlement Layer: The protocol supports various verification methods, including zero-knowledge proofs and optimistic rollups, providing a versatile framework that can adapt to emerging blockchain technologies. Historical Timeline Mantis's development is marked by several critical milestones that chart its trajectory and growth: | Year | Milestone | |————|————————————————————————-| | 2022 | Initial concept development within the Composable Foundation's research division. | | Q3 2024 | Launch of the testnet with bridging capabilities between Solana and Ethereum. | | Q1 2025 | Anticipated Token Generation Event (TGE) alongside the mainnet launch. | | Q2 2025 | Expected integration of DISE LLM and expansion of cross-chain capabilities. | | 2025 H2 | Planned support for over 15 chains through further IBC upgrades. | This timeline outlines Mantis's evolution, from conceptual discussions to active implementation and future growth phases. Ecosystem Growth Strategy Mantis's strategy for ecosystem growth includes several initiatives designed to encourage user participation and developer engagement: Credits System: Users can earn protocol credits by providing liquidity and engaging in referral programmes. These credits are redeemable for incentives in the future, fostering a robust user community. Modular Software Development Kit (SDK): This toolkit empowers developers to create applications based on intent-driven models utilising Mantis's infrastructure, thus promoting innovation within its ecosystem. Governance Model: As the protocol matures, $M token holders will have a voice in protocol governance, allowing them to vote on proposed upgrades and changes, thereby enhancing community engagement and decentralisation. Mantis represents a significant advancement in the realm of cross-chain architecture. By seamlessly integrating advanced AI algorithms with a robust settlement framework, Mantis seeks to tackle the problems of fragmentation within multi-chain ecosystems. Its innovative approach prioritises improved user experiences while adhering to the foundational principles of decentralisation and security, setting a new standard for the future interoperability of blockchain technologies. As Mantis continues its journey of growth and implementation, it promises to be a project to watch closely in the competitive landscape of Web3 and decentralised finance. With its focus on crossing boundaries and elevating user engagement, Mantis is poised to be an integral part of the future developments in the cryptocurrency space.

64 Total ViewsPublished 2025.03.18Updated 2025.03.18

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