中国禁止了比特币——但其最高司法机关之一刚裁定其为受法律保护的财产

bitcoinistPublished on 2026-06-08Last updated on 2026-06-08

Abstract

中国最高人民检察院于6月7日发布一起标志性案例,其中青岛市检察机关成功主张比特币符合中国刑法下受法律保护的财产定义。被告人张某因窃取并变卖他人107枚比特币,被判处有期徒刑十年九个月并处罚金。该案以销赃所得66万元人民币认定盗窃数额。 此判决与中国自2021年起实施的全面加密货币交易禁令形成显著矛盾。尽管禁令规定所有加密货币交易非法,但中国法院在刑事司法实践中已多次确认比特币的财产属性并予以保护。最高检将此案作为指导案例发布,旨在为全国司法机关处理类似案件提供明确指引。 由此,中国法律体系呈现一种独特局面:一方面禁止公民交易比特币,另一方面则在刑法层面保护其作为财产的所有权。这标志着即便在实施严格加密货币管控的司法辖区,比特币的经济价值与财产属性也已获得实质性司法承认。

6月7日,中国最高人民检察院发布了一个标志性案例,其中青岛的检察官成功论证了根据该国刑法,比特币属于受法律保护的财产——一名窃贼因盗窃107个比特币被判处近11年有期徒刑。这一判决在中国五年前全面加密禁令的核心地带,创造了一个引人注目的法律矛盾。

该案例发布于最高人民检察院官方网站,标题为"107个比特币不翼而飞",核心是仅透露姓氏为张的被告。根据法庭文件,张获取了受害者的加密货币钱包恢复短语,并用其转移并出售了属于受害者的107个比特币。根据最高检的官方案情说明,青岛检察官成功地将此行为依据中国刑法以财产盗窃罪提起了公诉。

根据官方判决,张被判处十年零九个月有期徒刑,并处罚金10万元人民币——约合13,800美元。被盗财产的价值是根据张在盗窃后变现比特币所得的66万元人民币(约合91,000美元)计算的。

公诉方的核心法律论点是,比特币符合中国刑法中财产的法定定义,因为它具有可证明的经济价值,并且可以被其所有者排他性控制——这是中国法律框架下定义可受保护的财产权益的两个标准。

周末BTC价格小幅上涨,日线图可见。来源:Tradingview上的BTCUSD图表

中国加密货币法律的核心矛盾

青岛的判决使北京的法律体系处于一种尴尬但日益有据可查的境地。中国于2021年9月由中国人民银行等十家监管机构联合发布的全面禁令,宣布所有加密货币交易为非法,实际上在全国范围内禁止了交易、交易所和挖矿。

2026年5月,中国扩大了打击范围,明确将稳定币、现实世界资产(RWA)代币化以及离岸人民币锚定的数字货币纳入其中,并为所有未经授权的跨境金融渠道设定了两年的整改期限。

然而,中国的法院在刑事诉讼中同时并一贯地肯定了比特币作为受保护财产的地位。根据《南华早报》报道,上海一家法院在2024年裁定加密货币所有权在中国法律下是合法的。上海市第二中级人民法院此前曾将比特币描述为具有"独特且不可复制"属性、具有明确金融特征的资产。

而现在,中国最高检察机关——最高人民检察院——将青岛的案例作为典型判决发布,向全国各地的检察官发出信号,表明这是处理比特币盗窃案的正确框架。

最高人民检察院发布此案例的原因

最高人民检察院的发布并非例行报道。出现在最高检官方平台上的案例,是被选作全国34个省级行政区处理类似案件的基层检察官和法院的指导。

通过突出青岛案例,北京的最高检察机关实际上是在发布一项指令:当比特币被盗时,应按财产盗窃罪起诉,并按市场价估值。这一指令的运作独立于——并直接与——名义上使在中国持有或转让比特币成为非法的交易禁令相抵触。

由此创建的法律架构是真正新颖的。中国同时告诉其公民不能购买、出售或交易比特币——又告诉其法院,如果有人窃取了它,刑法的全部力量将保护受害者的财产权。这个新兴行业从未遇到过这样一个主要司法管辖区,在最高法律层面上同时禁止其使用又保护其所有权。

这一发展为比特币的全球地位标志着一个关键且法律复杂的时刻。由中国最高人民检察院发布的一项确认比特币为受法律保护的刑事财产的判决——在一个官方禁止其使用的国家——并非一个次要的司法脚注。它是一个信号,表明即使是世界上限制最严格的加密政权也无法完全逃避比特币本质的法律现实。

封面图片来自Grok,BTCUSD图表来自Tradingview

Related Questions

Q中国最高人民法院察院在2026年6月公布的这起青岛案件中,主要确认了比特币的什么法律地位?

A该案件确认,根据中国刑法,比特币因其具有经济价值并可被持有者独占控制,构成了受法律保护的财产。

Q根据文章,中国官方在2021年发布的加密货币禁令与此次最高法院察院公布的案件裁决之间,存在怎样的矛盾?

A存在显著的法律矛盾。一方面,中国自2021年起实施的全面禁令宣布所有加密货币交易为非法,禁止交易、交易所和挖矿;另一方面,此案裁决以及近年来多地法院的判决又确认比特币作为财产在刑事案件中受法律保护。

Q青岛案件中,被告人张某因盗窃比特币被判处了何种刑罚?

A被告人张某被判处十年零九个月有期徒刑,并处罚金10万元人民币(约合13,800美元)。

Q最高法院察院在其官方平台公布青岛比特币盗窃案的目的是什么?

A最高法院察院公布此案并非常规报道,而是将其作为指导性案例,旨在为全国各地的检察官和下级法院处理类似的比特币盗窃案件提供明确的司法框架和指引。

Q文章中提到,中国的法律架构为比特币创造了一种怎样的新情况?

A文章指出,中国的法律架构创造了一种前所未有的新局面:即官方禁止公民买卖或交易比特币,但同时,如果比特币被盗,司法机关又会依据刑法以保护财产权为由对盗窃者进行严厉惩处。这在全球主要司法管辖区中是罕见的。

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