Aave的GHO稳定币能否帮助该协议超越MakerDAO和DAI?

老雅痞Published on 2022-08-25Last updated on 2022-08-25

Abstract

在本文中,我们将在考虑Aave DAO和其团队如何将其推向市场并将其转变为与DAI一样重要的稳定币之前对其设计进行研究。

几周前,GHO稳定币的概念在Aave治理论坛上被提出,这在整个DeFi领域引发了一阵兴奋浪潮。事实上,作为协议的下一步,一个去中心化、有抵押品支持、与美元挂钩并原生于Aave DAO的稳定币的想法有很大的意义。

在本文中,我们将在考虑Aave DAO和其团队如何将其推向市场并将其转变为与DAI一样重要的稳定币之前对其设计进行研究。当然,这方面的信息仍然很少,所以本文的第二部分将主要根据我的DeFi经验进行推断。

Aave原生稳定币GHO的简介

自成立之初,Aave的主要挑战之一就是吸引足够的稳定币存款,因为它是大多数借款人的首选。因此,创建DAO原生的稳定币是自然而然的下一步,这同时也应该可以降低借款人的成本。由于该稳定币是铸造出来的,因此无需支付另一方储户的APR。

因此,让我们深入研究一下治理论坛上介绍的GHO的主要特征。

与美元挂钩的过度抵押稳定币

GHO将是一种使用aTokens作为抵押品铸造的过度抵押的稳定币。因此,在某种意义上它类似于MakerDAO,但更有效率,因为所有的抵押品都将是产生一些利息的生产性资产——这取决于它们的借款需求。

关于命名,有趣的是Aave在其名称中没有包含“USD”。考虑到美国监管机构的强硬程度,从法律角度来看,这可能是一种净收益。不过,这似乎并不是做出这一决定的唯一原因,正如Aave的创始人Stani暗示的那样,它未来可能会进行挂钩互换:

对货币的参考在长期内具有局限性,你可能想要将挂钩从一种基础资产换成另一种(出于各种原因),或者跟踪其他资产,而在股票交易中与美元绑定将是一个限制因素。

利息模型和stkAAVE折扣

GHO的利率模型目前是其最令人印象深刻的组成部分,因为就像Maker一样,最初的帖子中设想的利率直接由Aave DAO决定。然而,这将是低效的,并且会给治理增加不必要的臃肿。

社区的反馈将决定它的发展方向。尽管如此,我真诚地希望Aave的最终决定能够建立在利率由市场条件算法决定的模型上,就像Aave的其他代币一样,资金池中的供求关系决定了利率。

如果Aave社区认为有必要让DAO参与决定利率——在我看来这是一种荒谬的做法,因为DAO绝对不适合管理一个系统的运行参数——那么可以设想一种混合模式,由DAO投票决定一个固定的基础利率,并根据市场条件在一定范围内进行调整。

事实上,就像Liquity上的baseRate如何保护LUSD不向下脱钩一样,让利率动态变化有助于通过阻止大规模铸币事件来保护GHO的挂钩。最初费用为0.5%,当需求激增时,费用会上升,随着需求稳定,费用会逐步下降到0.5%。

这篇文章还提到了对GHO借款人质押AAVE代币的折扣,这创造了进一步的协同效应。最后,储户支付的利率将100%归属Aave DAO(而大多数其他代币的储备系数在10%左右),这意味着如果GHO增长到一个相当大的市值,它可能会变成DAO的金矿。如果AaveDAO的市值与DAI相似,平均利率为3.5%,AaveDAO将从GHO的利率中每天获得近15万美元的资金。

以下是不同GHO市值和利率假设下的一些快速计算:

参考:

GHO市值: FRAX目前的供应量为15亿,DAI的供应量66亿,USDC 520亿

GHO平均利率:1%将极具竞争力,3.5%处于通常利率的高端水平

推动者和RWA

GHO的设计设想了由Aave治理的“推动者”,它将能够铸造GHO。第一个推动者将是Aave协议本身,但无论是协议还是实体的其他人也将会进行效仿。这一部分令人兴奋,因为它广泛地打开了GHO的设计空间。在发布之后,我们可以看到其他协议会申请成为推动者,并在Aave和GHO之上进行构建。

其中还明确提到了基于信用评分等凭证的抵押不足的头寸。每个推动者都将拥有由DAO确定的最大GHO铸造能力。

“去中心化”与缺乏审查阻力

Aave团队将GHO描述为一种去中心化的稳定币,甚至还提到了一些抵制审查制度的内容。然而,它并没有与GHO直接相关:

随着加密资产与非加密原生用户的进一步整合,稳定币的使用量只会继续增长。去中心化稳定币在区块链上提供了抗审查的以法币计价的货币。介绍一下,GHO是一种得到充分支持的去中心化的多抵押稳定币,它原生于Aave协议。

除非我误解了它的设计,否则GHO会像DAI一样“去中心化”,而且由于其抵押品的构成,它具有较弱的审查阻力。事实上,假设目前可以作为抵押品在Aave上借入的所有aTokens也将被用于借入GHO,GHO的抵押品构成将主要由USDC等可审查代币构成:

事实上,除去用作抵押品以杠杆化ETH抵押收益的stETH,USDC是Aave上使用最多的顶级抵押品,紧随其后的是另一个受信任的代币wBTC。不过,其抵押品构成仍要比DAI好得多,DAI由超过50%的USDC支持。

GHO进入市场:有了GHO的Aave会是什么样子?

既然已经对GHO进行了解释,我们可以进入一个更具猜测性的领域,并考虑GHO的发行将在实践中如何展开。

事实上,Aave协议和GHO之间的交互是非常令人兴奋的:虽然最初的帖子提到了Aave x GHO,以及在GHO上启用eMode(对USDC/DAI等选定货币对上启用显著杠杆),但有关它的细节非常少,所以让我来分享一下我的设想。

aGHO对Aave来说是一个很有吸引力的抵押品,但如果允许借用GHO,它也可能产生重大的自反风险。因此,我希望aGHO被阻止铸造GHO,以防止我们目前在DAI上看到的反身性支持。

不过,这将带来令人兴奋的稳定币套利循环,如aUSDC > Mint GHO > aGHO >借用另一个稳定币。通过eMode,这将使Aave & GHO成为一个非常有效的稳定币套利协议。此外,GHO利率将成为一种“基础稳定币利率”,这可能有助于控制USDC等其他稳定币的利率。

GHO的流动性策略

任何稳定币设计的另一个关键且必要的部分是其流动性策略。由于CRV、CVX和BAL在Aave上被接受为抵押品,由于储备系数,国库积累的CRV、CVX和BAL可能会带来令人兴奋的事情。将它们锁定在其本地协议中将使Aave DAO能够将激励导向GHO相关的资金池中。

就像Frax目前正在脱离USDT和DAI,并试图建立Frax Basepool (Frax /USDC)作为Curve上其他稳定币的配对货币一样,我们可以预见Aave的类似举动。此外,许多目前与USDC和DAI相关联的项目正在寻求分散其流动性。GHO的到来可能是一个完美的时机,使DeFi能够减少对USDC的依赖。

然而,虽然Frax在曲线战争中控制了相当大的治理和表决权,但Aave DAO并非如此。目前的国库CRV/CVX余额显然不足以激励资金池增长到10亿美元的规模,因此它可能会推动AaveDAO寻求获得更多流动性激励驱动型代币。由于DAO将从GHO的利率中获得可观的收入,无论GHO的市值如何,DAO都应有足够的手段支持适当的流动性。

最后,Aave在历史上一直接近于Balancer,自从过渡到AAVE代币以来,在安全模块中使用了80% Aave / 20% wETH Balancer Pool。国库目前拥有20万BAL,并计划进行另一项收购。因此我们可以期待GHO在Balancer上的精彩表现。然而,在稳定币方面,Curve仍然是王者:我不认为Aave能够在不以某种方式卷入CRV战争的情况下充分增加GHO的流动性。

在基本协议激励机制(如动态或DAO管理的借款利率)和清算机制之外,流动性策略可能是稳定币最关键的元素之一,因为它也影响到挂钩的保持程度。

结语

我希望这篇文章能帮助你更好地理解稳定币战争中的利害关系。今年年底将会很有趣,随着GHO发行的临近,Curve的稳定币也被过度抵押,有消息称GHO将在今年年底前发布。对于DeFi来说,稳定币的倍增是自然而然的下一步,因为大多数已经建立的协议都看到了它们的设计趋于一致:

Frax一开始只是一个稳定币,现在有了FraxSwap,很快还会有FraxLend。

Aave最初是一个货币市场,它很快就有了自己的稳定币。

Curve一开始是DEX,但添加自己的稳定币后,很快就可以为流动性提供者提供有效的借贷。

总而言之,正如我前面的快速计算所显示的那样,一个协议创建其稳定币的主要原因非常明显:这是可以赚到最多钱的地方,而且有大量的需求和产品/市场契合度。

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