金银「史诗级巨震」之后,可以抄底了吗?

Foresight NewsPublished on 2026-02-03Last updated on 2026-02-03

Abstract

虽长期牛市逻辑未变,但短期抛压未尽、波动巨大。

撰文:叶慧雯

来源:华尔街见闻

周一的贵金属市场延续周五下跌趋势,现货白银单日暴跌 7%,现货黄金暴跌 4.7%,一度跌破 4500 美元关口。

现在的局面非常清晰:资金获利了结,杠杆资金正在被强制出清。多家研究机构认为,尽管长期的地缘博弈和债务逻辑未变,但短期内,不要试图在雪崩时伸手去接「带血的筹码」。此时的下跌是市场在测试新任美联储主席的底线,也是对前期疯狂投机情绪的暴力修正。

金银暴跌:不仅是沃什,更是去杠杆的连锁反应

本次暴跌并非单一因素所致,而是政策预期、交易拥挤度与交易所干预的共振。

1. 导火索:沃什获提名,鹰派预期升温。华泰证券与天风证券均指出,特朗普提名凯文·沃什(Kevin Warsh)为新任美联储主席是直接触发剂。沃什被视为「鹰派」,其核心主张包括「降息 + 缩表」。天风证券补充,沃什曾在 2006-2011 年任职期间以「通胀鹰派」著称,市场担忧其上任后美联储独立性危机降温,导致美元反弹,流动性收紧预期压制了贵金属。

2. 机制性杀跌:交易所联手「降温」。华泰证券与财通证券强调了交易所干预的影响。CME(芝商所)和上期所几乎同时提高保证金比例。CME 在 1 月底连续两次上调黄金和白银保证金,其中白银从 11% 上调至 15%;上期所亦跟进上调。

财通证券补充了逼仓与期权 Gamma 挤压的因素。截至 1 月 29 日,沪银主力合约虚实盘比高达 8.75,显著高于历史同期;同时,大量散户买入看涨期权,迫使做市商买入期货对冲,推高价格。一旦交易所强化干预(如 CME 针对金银保证金已上调 6 次),资金流出,这种正反馈循环瞬间逆转为崩塌。此外,白银 ETF 持仓量大幅下滑也是重要的调整信号。

3. 根本原因:极致拥挤的投机仓位与获利了结。华泰证券指出,暴跌前有色(尤其是白银)是全球做多最拥挤的品种。天风证券数据显示,黄金 14 天 RSI 指标在 1 月 28 日突破 90,为本世纪以来首次,显示极度「超买」。

方正证券监测到,1 月 29 日白银波动率指数升至 111,刷新历史新高。财通证券认为,前期价格极速上涨是由逼仓叠加期权伽马挤压效应助推的,一旦情绪反转,去杠杆过程异常惨烈。

4. 宏观扰动:AI 科技股盈利担忧。华泰证券还提到,微软、特斯拉等科技巨头财报引发市场对 AI 投资回报的担忧,导致美股 risk off(避险)情绪升温,部分资金为补救股市流动性而抛售贵金属。

后市行情:长期逻辑未改,短期震荡难免

尽管短期遭受重创,但各家机构普遍认为贵金属的长期牛市逻辑尚未根本逆转。

1. 长期逻辑未变,短期进入震荡。天风证券认为,短期内黄金将进入宽幅震荡期,买入情绪偏谨慎。但处于世界竞争格局关键节点,全球央行对黄金的长线配置需求将继续充当价格的根本支撑,「黄金的故事」不会就此结束。 财通证券亦表示,长期逻辑尚未反转。国际市场对美国债务可持续性及美联储独立性的担忧,依然会推动各国央行及私人部门增持黄金储备。

2. 政策不确定性仍存。华泰证券维持长期看多观点,认为有色仍是全球制造业周期、地缘秩序重构、AI 科技等驱动因素共振最明显的品种。

方正证券分析认为,后续市场走势取决于多重因子的情景演绎。关键变量在于:一是大国博弈的长期性与可能的短期缓和窗口;二是 AI 技术推动全要素生产率跃升的实际进程;三是美联储新主席沃什在内部政治阻力(如反对提名、内部分歧、前政府施压)下,能否坚守其政策主张(如独立性、缩表)

方正证券综合推演后认为,若要贵金属牛市逻辑彻底逆转,需同时满足多项严苛条件(如全球生产力迅速革命、沃什强力推行紧缩且未扰乱市场、央行购金需求消退等),这一情景发生概率极低。因此,贵金属在经历充分调整释放风险后,其长期配置价值依然突出,建议关注业绩稳健、质地优秀、成长潜力明确且估值合理的核心公司。

抄底时机:切勿急于接飞刀,等待波动率回归

对于投资者最关心的「何时入场」,各机构普遍建议保持耐心,等待波动率回归。

1. 关注波动率回落。华泰证券明确警告,短期「抄底」需要谨慎。由于市场波动率维持高位,去杠杆和挤泡沫仍在持续。 财通证券给出了具体的量化指标:建议等待隐含波动率回调至 20% 以下,这可能是再次做多的时间点。

2. 参考历史回调周期。财通证券复盘历史数据指出,近年来黄金阶段性见顶后,平均回调时间约 18 天,回调幅度约 8%。这为投资者提供了时间窗口的参考。华泰证券建议等待市场波动率从极端高位(如黄金 IV>35%)显著回落,并观察关键支撑位(如黄金 4700 美元 / 盎司) 的企稳信号,避免在「雪崩」中伸手接刀。

3. 警惕现货与期货价差风险。华泰证券特别提示国内投资者,沪银存在补跌空间。暴跌发生时,沪银 1 月 30 日夜盘封盘价对应 111 美元 / 盎司,而伦敦银已跌至 85 美元 / 盎司,这意味着沪银较外盘仍有约 30% 的溢价空间,需警惕沪银补跌风险。

4. 关注交割月逼仓风险。华泰证券提到,3 月是白银主要交割月,目前 CME 期货总持仓量远高于可交割库存,需关注交割月是否会出现逼仓行情,这既是风险也是潜在的博弈点。

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