得州建立比特币储备,为何首选贝莱德 BTC ETF?

深潮Published on 2025-11-26Last updated on 2025-11-27

得克萨斯州已正式迈出第一步,有望成为美国首个将比特币列为战略储备资产的州。

撰文:Oluwapelumi Adejumo

编译:Saoirse,Foresight News

得克萨斯州已正式迈出第一步,有望成为美国首个将比特币列为战略储备资产的州。

11 月 25 日,得克萨斯区块链委员会主席 Lee Bratcher 透露,这个经济规模达 2.7 万亿美元、位列全球第八的经济体,已购入价值 500 万美元的贝莱德现货比特币 ETF(代码 IBIT)。

他补充称,一旦该州敲定新储备法案要求的托管与流动性框架,第二笔 500 万美元拨款将用于直接收购比特币。

这两笔资金将在当前的机构运作模式与未来政府「不仅购买比特币、更持有比特币」的模式之间,搭建起一座桥梁。

得克萨斯州打造首个州级比特币储备蓝图

得克萨斯州最初并未通过链上直接持有比特币,而是选择以 IBIT 为切入点。对于希望在熟悉的监管与运营体系内配置比特币的大型资金方而言,IBIT 已成为默认选择。

此次购买行为的法律依据是《参议院第 21 号法案》—— 该法案由州长 Greg Abbott 于今年 6 月签署,正式设立「得克萨斯州战略比特币储备」。

根据法案框架,只要比特币保持 24 个月平均市值不低于 5000 亿美元,州审计长就有权持续增持该资产。目前,比特币是唯一符合这一市值门槛的加密货币。

该储备体系独立于州财政库之外,明确了资产持有相关的治理流程,并设立咨询委员会负责风险监控与监督工作。

尽管 500 万美元的初始投入相较于得州整体财政规模而言数额不大,但这笔交易的运作逻辑远比资金规模更具意义。

得克萨斯州正通过此举测试:在一个已管理数千亿美元多元资金池的州级金融体系内,比特币能否被正式纳入公共储备工具范畴。

一旦相关运营流程落地,第二笔资金将用于「自持比特币」—— 这一模式将对资产流动性、透明度及审计流程产生截然不同的影响。

得州目前正在设计一套「主权级托管」流程,而非采用传统机构经纪模式。该储备体系将要求配备合格托管方、冷存储设施、密钥管理协议、独立审计机制及定期报告制度。

这些要素将构成一套可复制的模板,其他州无需重新设计治理架构,即可直接借鉴采用。

为何贝莱德 IBIT 成为得州首选?

选择通过 IBIT 切入比特币市场,并不意味着得州更偏好 ETF 而非原生比特币,这本质上是一种基于现实操作的变通方案。

IBIT 推出仅两年,却已成为主流机构持有最广泛的比特币 ETF。作为目前规模最大的比特币 ETF 产品,其累计净流入额已超 620 亿美元。

(配图说明:贝莱德 IBIT 累计净流入数据,来源:SoSo Value)

此外,多数地区尚未建立公共部门比特币自持托管体系,而搭建这类基础设施需要完成采购、安全建模与政策审批等一系列复杂流程。因此,得州将 IBIT 作为「过渡工具」—— 在完善永久储备架构期间,先通过 IBIT 实现比特币资产配置。

这一「迂回策略」具有很强的参考意义,因为它与其他大型资金方的布局路径高度相似。

哈佛大学披露,今年三季度 IBIT 已成为其最大美股持仓之一;阿布扎比投资委员会同期将 IBIT 持仓量提升至约 800 万股,较此前增长两倍;威斯康星州养老金体系今年早些时候也通过 IBIT,在现货比特币 ETF 领域配置了超 1.6 亿美元资金。

趋势已十分明确:尽管不同机构的投资目标、地域属性与风险框架存在差异,但都不约而同地选择了 IBIT 这一工具。IBIT 的核心优势在于:通过知名中介机构提供托管服务、简化报告流程,且能符合 2025 年生效的新公允价值规则下的清晰会计核算要求。

这些便利条件使 IBIT 成为公共及准公共机构配置比特币的「默认入口」。而得州的特殊性仅在于,其通过 IBIT 配置比特币属于「临时过渡」行为。

若其他州跟进,会产生哪些影响?

更关键的问题在于:得克萨斯州的这一举措,究竟是个案,还是将成为其他州效仿的蓝图?

比特币分析师 Shanaka Anslem Perera 表示:

「这一连锁反应具有可预见性。未来 18 个月内,预计将有 4 至 8 个州跟进,这些州合计掌控的储备资金规模超 1.2 万亿美元。短期内,受『跟风效应』推动,机构流入资金规模预计将达 3 亿至 15 亿美元。这并非投机,而是正在发生的博弈论实践。」

目前,新罕布什尔州、亚利桑那州等政治立场相近的州已出台比特币储备相关法律 —— 它们将比特币视为对冲全球金融体系风险的战略资产。

未来或有更多州加入这一行列:在新会计准则消除了此前「按市值计价」的惩罚性条款后,这些州可利用结构性盈余资金配置比特币,实现资产多元化。

此外,州级政府参与比特币市场的影响远不止于「象征意义」。ETF 购买不会改变比特币流通供应量,因为信托结构在发行与赎回份额时,不会从流动性市场中移除比特币。

而「自持托管」则会产生相反效果:一旦比特币被购入并转入冷存储,就会退出可交易流通池,导致交易所与做市商可动用的比特币供应量减少。

若得州将比特币储备规模从初始 1000 万美元进一步扩大,上述差异将产生显著影响。即便州级需求规模不大,也会引入一类全新的买方参与者 —— 这类参与者的行为与「噪音交易者」(指在金融市场中,并非基于理性分析、真实市场信息或基本面逻辑进行交易,如公司盈利、宏观经济数据,而是受非理性因素驱动的投资者或交易主体。)呈反周期性,且不会频繁调整持仓。

这种影响更像是「稳定锚」,而非波动来源。若其他州采取类似政策,比特币供给曲线的弹性将进一步降低,价格敏感性则会提升。

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710 Total ViewsPublished 2025.05.13Updated 2025.05.13

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