比特币矿工,快撑不住了?

比推Published on 2025-11-26Last updated on 2025-11-26

作者:Prathik Desai

原标题:The Miners’ Mirage

编译及整理:BitpushNews


你是否已经厌倦了近期加密推特上那些末日般的悲观言论?更让我感到无奈的是,加密推特的用户们对市场未来的矛盾态度——有人正在为我们刚刚经历的伟大牛市撰写讣告,而另一些人则坚称这不过是市场周期戏剧中的又一次小小波澜。在我看来,这并无新意。一如既往,每个人都有自己的理论。

某些迹象表明,这次或许有所不同。比特币ETF自推出以来首次连续三日录得净流出10亿美元;BTC的资金费率已转为负值;“逢低买入”的情绪大多沦为加密推特上的梗图。

然而,历史上BTC也曾多次回调25%-30%,却在随后几个月内创下历史新高。这次谁能确信哪种理论会成为现实?

但在加密领域,有一个群体不依赖情绪、占星术或其他盲目的理论。有一类市场参与者的行为无法被误读。他们就是比特币链上的最初参与者:矿工

在美国总统唐纳德·特朗普宣布对包括中国在内的亚洲国家首轮互惠关税后(大部分矿机来自中国),矿工们经历了一段艰难时期。

然而,他们的经济现实主要与简单的数学挂钩,其中包括十五多年前比特币白皮书中所写的减半条件。

本文将剖析矿工盈利能力现状——随着BTC价格暴跌,他们的收入正受到挤压。

BTC矿工的财务状况很简单:他们依靠固定的协议收入生存,却面对现实中浮动的开支。当市场震荡时,他们是资产负债表上最先感受到压力的群体。他们的收入来自出售挖出的BTC,而运营成本主要是运行重型计算所需的电费。

我追踪了网络支付给他们的费用、赚取这些收入所需的成本、扣除现金开支后剩余多少利润,以及会计师核算后他们实际能带回家的部分。

长话短说:在目前 BTC 交易水平低于 90,000 美元的情况下,挖矿行业已陷入困境,远谈不上蓬勃发展。过去两个月,平均 7 天矿工收入已从 6000 万美元下降了 35%,至 4000 万美元。

image.png

接着带你深入了解数据。

比特币的收入是机械性的,由协议代码设定。

每个区块的采矿奖励为3.125 BTC,平均出块时间为10分钟,每天大约产生144个区块。这意味着每天约挖出450 BTC。30天内,全球BTC矿工共挖出13,500 BTC,按当前BTC价格约8.8万美元计算,总值约12亿美元。一旦将其分配给创纪录的 1,078 Exahashes/秒(EH/s)的算力,这 10 亿美元的蛋糕就会化为每 Terahash 每天仅 3.6 美分的收入。这就是维系 1.7 万亿美元网络安全的全部经济基础。

在成本方面,电费是最重要的变量,因地区和矿机效率而异。

如果你使用现代矿机,例如S21级设备,每太哈希耗电17焦耳,且电价低廉,你仍能保持现金利润。但如果你的矿机群依赖老旧设备,或者电价较高,那么你计算的每一哈希都在增加成本。在当前的哈希价格下(受网络难度、比特币价格、区块补贴和交易手续费影响),一台S19矿机在每度电0.06美元的电价下仅能勉强收支平衡。如果难度上升、价格小幅下跌,或热浪推高电费,经济状况将进一步陷入亏损。

2024年12月,CoinShares估计上市矿企在2024年第三季度生产1枚BTC的现金成本约为55,950美元。如今,剑桥大学估计成本约为58,500美元。实际采矿成本因矿工而异。

最大上市比特币矿企Marathon Digital在2025年第三季度平均每挖1枚BTC的能源成本为39,235美元。第二大上市矿企Riot Platforms的成本为46,324美元。尽管BTC交易价从峰值下跌30%至86,000美元,这些矿企仍在蓬勃发展。但这并非全貌。

矿工还需考虑非现金项目,包括折旧、减值和股权激励。这些项目共同使采矿成为资本密集型业务。一旦计入这些因素,挖1枚BTC的总成本很容易超过10万美元。

image.png

MARA使用自营和第三方托管的硬件进行挖矿。仅因使用所有设备,它就需支付电费、计提折旧、并预留托管费。

粗略估算,其每BTC的总采矿成本超过11万美元。

CoinShares在2024年12月也估计总采矿成本约为106,000美元。

表面上看,矿工业似乎稳健——现金利润丰厚,有望实现会计利润,运营规模足以随意融资。然而,当你放大视野,就会明白为何越来越多矿工选择持有挖出的BTC,甚至从市场购买更多BTC,而非出售。

image.png

像MARA这样实力较强的矿工能够覆盖成本,因为他们拥有附属业务并能够进入资本市场。

然而,其他许多矿工只需一次难度上调,就可能陷入亏损。

将这一切综合起来,矿工世界中共存着两种盈亏平衡情景:

第一种情景是工业矿商以高效的矿机队伍、廉价的电力和轻资本负债表运营。对他们来说,BTC 价格可以从 86,000 美元跌至 50,000 美元,然后每日现金流才会变为负值。他们今天每挖一个 BTC 就能赚取超过 40,000 美元的现金利润,但按当前价格水平能否挤出任何会计利润则因矿商而异。

第二种情景是,一旦你考虑折旧、减值和股权激励费用,其余的矿商将难以维持在盈亏平衡点之上。

即使你假设生产 1 BTC 的保守总成本在 90,000 美元至 110,000 美元之间,这意味着许多矿商已经低于其经济盈亏平衡点。他们可以继续挖矿,因为他们的现金成本尚未被突破,但他们的账面会计成本已被突破。这可能会促使更多的矿商持有其 BTC,而不是现在出售。

只要矿商的经济状况保持现金流为正,他们就会继续挖矿。在 88,000 美元的价格下,系统看起来稳定,但这只有在矿商不出售其 BTC 的情况下才成立。一旦 BTC 进一步下跌,或者矿商被迫清算其持有的 BTC,他们就开始接近其盈亏平衡线。

因此,虽然价格暴跌将继续影响散户和交易社区,但它们目前不太可能伤及矿工。然而,如果矿工获得资本的途径变得更加受限,这种情况可能会对矿商造成更严重的打击。届时,飞轮效应将中断,矿商将需要加倍发展其辅助业务以维持生存。

说明: 比推所有文章只代表作者观点,不构成投资建议

Related Reads

Trading

Spot
Futures

Hot Articles

What is $BITCOIN

DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN): A Comprehensive Analysis Introduction to DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) is a blockchain-based project operating on the Solana network, which aims to combine the characteristics of traditional precious metals with the innovation of decentralized technologies. While it shares a name with Bitcoin, often referred to as “digital gold” due to its perception as a store of value, DIGITAL GOLD is a separate token designed to create a unique ecosystem within the Web3 landscape. Its goal is to position itself as a viable alternative digital asset, although specifics regarding its applications and functionalities are still developing. What is DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) is a cryptocurrency token explicitly designed for use on the Solana blockchain. In contrast to Bitcoin, which provides a widely recognized value storage role, this token appears to focus on broader applications and characteristics. Notable aspects include: Blockchain Infrastructure: The token is built on the Solana blockchain, known for its capacity to handle high-speed and low-cost transactions. Supply Dynamics: DIGITAL GOLD has a maximum supply capped at 100 quadrillion tokens (100P $BITCOIN), although details regarding its circulating supply are currently undisclosed. Utility: While precise functionalities are not explicitly outlined, there are indications that the token could be utilized for various applications, potentially involving decentralized applications (dApps) or asset tokenization strategies. Who is the Creator of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? At present, the identity of the creators and development team behind DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) remains unknown. This situation is typical among many innovative projects within the blockchain space, particularly those aligning with decentralized finance and meme coin phenomena. While such anonymity may foster a community-driven culture, it intensifies concerns about governance and accountability. Who are the Investors of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? The available information indicates that DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) does not have any known institutional backers or prominent venture capital investments. The project seems to operate on a peer-to-peer model focused on community support and adoption rather than traditional funding routes. Its activity and liquidity are primarily situated on decentralized exchanges (DEXs), such as PumpSwap, rather than established centralized trading platforms, further highlighting its grassroots approach. How DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) Works The operational mechanics of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) can be elaborated on based on its blockchain design and network attributes: Consensus Mechanism: By leveraging Solana’s unique proof-of-history (PoH) combined with a proof-of-stake (PoS) model, the project ensures efficient transaction validation contributing to the network's high performance. Tokenomics: While specific deflationary mechanisms have not been extensively detailed, the vast maximum token supply implies that it may cater to microtransactions or niche use cases that are still to be defined. Interoperability: There exists the potential for integration with Solana’s broader ecosystem, including various decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms. However, the details regarding specific integrations remain unspecified. Timeline of Key Events Here is a timeline that highlights significant milestones concerning DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN): 2023: The initial deployment of the token occurs on the Solana blockchain, marked by its contract address. 2024: DIGITAL GOLD gains visibility as it becomes available for trading on decentralized exchanges like PumpSwap, allowing users to trade it against SOL. 2025: The project witnesses sporadic trading activity and potential interest in community-led engagements, although no noteworthy partnerships or technical advancements have been documented as of yet. Critical Analysis Strengths Scalability: The underlying Solana infrastructure supports high transaction volumes, which could enhance the utility of $BITCOIN in various transaction scenarios. Accessibility: The potential low trading price per token could attract retail investors, facilitating wider participation due to fractional ownership opportunities. Risks Lack of Transparency: The absence of publicly known backers, developers, or an audit process may yield skepticism regarding the project's sustainability and trustworthiness. Market Volatility: The trading activity is heavily reliant on speculative behavior, which can result in significant price volatility and uncertainty for investors. Conclusion DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) emerges as an intriguing yet ambiguous project within the rapidly evolving Solana ecosystem. While it attempts to leverage the “digital gold” narrative, its departure from Bitcoin's established role as a store of value underscores the need for a clearer differentiation of its intended utility and governance structure. Future acceptance and adoption will likely depend on addressing the current opacity and defining its operational and economic strategies more explicitly. Note: This report encompasses synthesised information available as of October 2023, and developments may have transpired beyond the research period.

363 Total ViewsPublished 2025.05.13Updated 2025.05.13

What is $BITCOIN

Discussions

Welcome to the HTX Community. Here, you can stay informed about the latest platform developments and gain access to professional market insights. Users' opinions on the price of BTC (BTC) are presented below.

活动图片