三个月称霸Solana的神秘团队,要在Jupiter发币了?

marsbitPublished on 2025-10-29Last updated on 2025-10-30

一个没有官网、没有社区、团队匿名的团队,在 90 天内吃掉了发生在 Jupiter 上近一半的交易量份额。

为了更深入的了解这个神秘的项目,我们先要走进一场在 Solana 上正在悄无声息发生的链上交易革命。

自营 AMM 如何重构链上交易

在 AMM 的语境下,有毒订单流是指高频套利者利用低延迟连接和先进算法,能抢先捕捉到价格差异,并迅速磨平链上与价格发现场所(一般是币安等中心化交易所)的价差,这些有毒订单流带走的利润最终由交易者、流动性提供者和链上做市商承担。

在使用中心化现价订单簿(下称「CLOB」)撮合交易的传统金融市场中,专业做市商可以通过多种方式(如调整点差、暂停报价)来应对有毒订单流。他们可以通过分析订单流模式,识别出具有信息优势的交易者,并相应地调整报价,从而减少因「逆向选择」而造成的损失。因而,在 Solana 上运营的做市商自然而然的选择了 Phoenix 等采用 CLOB 的 DEX。然而,在 2024 到 2025 年初 Solana「meme 狂热」时期,Solana 网络在空前的需求下不堪重负,做市商的订单经常无法提交到链上,同时更新报价需要消耗大量昂贵的计算单元,做市商的成本陡增。

一系列棘手的实际问题正迫使一批最资深的 AMM 做市商从根本上重新思考链上市场的运作方式,一种革命性的全新市场结构开始萌芽。

这种新的范式被称为「自营 AMM」(Prop AMM),其目标是在链上提供价差更低、更有效率的流动性,同时最大程度地减少被高频套利者利用的风险。

SolFi、ZeroFi 和 Obric 是最初的自营 AMM「三巨头」,他们不公开合约接口,而是直接将接口提供给 Jupiter 等主要的交易路由,并要求 Jupiter 将订单路由到他们的 AMM 中。这种设计使得如 Wintermute 等外部的专业套利者极难直接与合约进行原生交互,因为他们无法理解或预测交易逻辑,从而防止了做市商的报价被取代和具有信息优势者的「逆向选择」问题。

Jupiter

HumidiFi 的闪电战

自营 AMM 的竞争到 2025 年 7 月趋于白热化,而一个名为 HumidiFi 的项目以惊人的速度改写了整个市场格局。

HumidiFi 于 2025 年 6 月中旬正式上线,仅仅两个月后,就已经占据了所有自营 AMM 交易量的 47.1%,成为无可争议的市场领导者。相比之下,曾经的霸主 SolFi 的市场份额从两个月前的 61.8% 急剧下滑至 9.2%。

Jupiter

HumidiFi 的统治地位在 SOL/USDC 交易对中表现得尤为明显。在 10 月 28 日这一天,HumidiFi 单日处理了 10.8 亿美元的 SOL/USDC 交易,占当日该交易对总量的 64.3%。

Jupiter

HumidiFi 在 Jupiter 路由中的渗透率也极高。作为 Solana 上占据 86.4% 市场份额的聚合器,Jupiter 的路由选择很大程度上决定了交易者的实际体验。10 月 20 日的数据显示,HumidiFi 在 Jupiter 中的市场份额高达 46.8%,是第二名 TesseraV(10.7%)的四倍多。

Jupiter

将视野扩大到整个自营 AMM 生态,HumidiFi 的统治地位同样稳固。在 10 月 28 日,所有自营 AMM 的总交易量达到 21.8 亿美元,其中 HumidiFi 独占 13.5 亿美元,占比高达 61.9%。这一数字不仅远超第二名 SolFi 的 3.09 亿美元,甚至超过了排名 2-8 位的所有竞争对手的交易量总和。

Jupiter

HumidiFi 的这场胜利几乎是在完全"隐身"状态下完成的。它没有官网、早期也没有 Twitter 账号,团队成员的任何信息都未曾公开。

HumidiFi 不需要营销,不需要空投,不需要讲故事。它只需要在每一笔交易中提供比竞争对手更优的价差、更好的执行价格。当 Jupiter 的路由算法一次又一次地选择 HumidiFi 时,市场已经用自己的方式投出了自己的一票。

速度和成本的极限竞赛

HumidiFi 成功的关键在于它将预言机更新的计算成本压缩到了极致,并巧妙的通过 Jito 拍卖机制将这一技术优势转化为绝对的市场统治力。

首先,HumidiFi 对计算资源的消耗很低。根据 @bqbrady 提供的数据,HumidiFi 的每次预言机更新仅消耗 799 CUs(计算单元)。相比之下,其主要竞争对手 SolFi 需要 4339 CUs。由顶级做市商 Wintermute 运营的 TesseraV 也需要 1,595 CUs,是 HumidiFi 的两倍。

Jupiter

HumidiFi 还充分利用了他们 CU 低消耗的优势,在 Solana 的 MEV 基础设施 Jito 拍卖 中获得了绝对的交易优先级。在 Jito 拍卖中,交易优先级不是由绝对小费(tip)决定的,而是由 每计算单元的小费(Tip per CU)决定的。HumidiFi 在每次预言机更新时支付约 4,998 lamports 的小费。由于其 CU 消耗极低(799 CUs),其 Tip per CU 比率达到了惊人的 6.25 lamports/CU。

Jupiter

根据 Solana 核心开发商 Anza 的工程师 Brennan Watt 提供的数据,HumidiFi 使用了比 Prop AMM 曾经的龙头 SolFi 少 6 倍的 CU,并给了多 8 倍多小费。

HumidiFi 另一个关键优势是预言机的更新频率。HumidiFi 以每秒 17 次 的频率更新其预言机,远超其主要竞争对手(SolFi 的 13 次、TesseraV 的 11 次和 ZeroFi 的 10 次)。

在加密货币市场的剧烈波动中,这种近乎实时的价格追踪能力使其能够始终锁定在公允价值附近,避免为套利者留下可乘之机,同时无需通过拉大价差来自我保护,从而提供更紧密的流动性。

除此之外,HumidiFi 在成本控制方面也做的很好。HumidiFi 每天的运营成本仅为 2,247 美元。相比之下,SolFi 虽然管理的资金规模(AUM)是 HumidiFi 的 5 倍(80 亿美元 vs 16 亿美元),但每日成本仅比 HumidiFi 低 20%(1,785 美元)。

WET 代币登陆 Jupiter DTF

Jupiter

在 10 月 30 日晚间的 community call 中,Jupiter 团队宣布了他们的 ICO 平台 DTF 的首期发射项目:HumidiFi,代币标识为 WET

Jupiter

根据披露的示范网页,打新分为三个部分:

白名单 (获取规则尚未确定) 可以确保一部分份额

JUP 质押者可以按质押量获得保障份额

公共份额采用先到先得 (FCFS) 模式,一旦打满立即开盘在链上流通,没有锁仓等待期

Jupiter

值得注意的是,HumidiFi 团队在 Twitter 上明确表示"没有 VC 份额",这在当前充斥着 VC 预售和低流通高 FDV 的市场环境中显得格外难得。

自营 AMM 是一个「赢家通吃」的赛道,HumidiFi 依靠技术实力实现了今天的统治地位,但这也意味着一旦有新的竞争者在 CU 效率或预言机速度上实现突破,就可能迅速侵蚀其市场份额。这场 Prop AMM 战争,显然才刚刚开始。

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