社区讨论 | 以太坊经典(ETC)是否应引入EIP-1559费用机制?

金色财经Published on 2025-10-29Last updated on 2025-10-29

以太坊经典(Ethereum Classic)与以太坊之间最持久的协议差异之一,在于对1559类型交易的支持。

2020年的DeFi之夏与随之而来的NFT浪潮,使以太坊网络陷入持续拥堵。矿工为最大化收益,倾向于维持区块上限不变,迫使用户通过提高手续费竞争区块空间。该策略虽为矿工带来丰厚回报,却严重损害了用户体验。为解决该问题,EIP-1559 被纳入以太坊伦敦升级,于 2021 年 8 月 5 日生效。该升级旨在稳定用户支付的手续费、管理 ETH 发行量,并重新平衡用户与矿工之间的激励机制。

目前 ETC 网络的负载并不像当时的 ETH 那般高,但通过实施类似机制,ETC 可以在未来区块空间需求上升前,提前解决用户体验差的问题,同时还能增强现有工具与 ETH 的兼容性。ETH 通过引入基础费这一新变量重塑了手续费市场:该数值可作为网络负载的衡量标准,用于动态调整区块上限。与以往设定固定上限不同,现在矿工选择一个区块目标值,基础费会根据区块实际大小相对于该目标的高低而增减。

这种新的手续费市场是向后兼容的,它将 legacy 交易的 gas_price 视为 base_fee_per_gas 与 priority_fee_per_gas 之和。这一细微区别对手续费市场的运行至关重要,因为区块内每单位 gas 的消耗都会影响基础费的计算。该设计的关键在于没有选择机制,legacy 交易和类型 2 交易在新手续费市场中无缝运行,二者的基础费没有区别,且保持这种无差别状态非常重要。

但仅凭这个新机制还不足以平衡用户与矿工的激励关系。关键是要找到一种机制,防止矿工为人为抬高基础费用而故意塞入gas费的交易来膨胀区块。ETH 对此问题的决策还解决了另一个问题。他们认为若将基础费销毁,则无人能从中获益,同时此举还能缓解协议设计中固有的通胀问题。

ETC 通过在哥谭升级中引入ECIP-1017(自2017年12月11日生效)控制代币发行问题,因此该网络不存在销毁手续费的选项。值得探讨的替代方案是延迟支付n个后续矿工的交易手续费。此举既能使矿工获得与原市场统计相当的手续费收益,又可避免激励人为膨胀区块的行为。若矿工为人为膨胀区块而纳入交易,这些交易的手续费将分配给未来矿工而非直接归其所有,从而使其蒙受损失。

该方案曾作为以太坊新手续费市场方案之一被考虑,但因手续费销毁机制能为网络带来经济收益而迅速被取代。建议参阅Tim Roughgarden的论文《以太坊区块链交易手续费机制设计:EIP-1559的经济分析》,作者曾在第8.3节深入剖析该方案的实施影响。

平心而论,即便从技术角度看这似乎很有吸引力,但我并不确定对这一功能的需求究竟有多大。它是否能支撑任何亟待部署的用例?另一方面,基础费这类概念的引入与 EIP-7702 等即将推出的交易类型是契合的,我相信这会为网络带来新的用例。

谨此征询 ETC 社区对在网络中实施上述机制的意见。此类变更绝非小事,它意味着需要经历数月的编程、测试、模拟以及可能的其他实验,才有可能成为现实。(本文基于对EIP-1559机制与ETC协议特性的交叉分析,拒绝AI生成内容,期待理性讨论。)

内容出处:https://github.com/orgs/ethereumclassic/discussions/541

免责声明:本文内容不构成任何投资或财务建议。内容转载自以太坊经典(ETC)Cooperative 技术专家 Diega,仅供行业资讯参考。如有疑问或涉及版权问题,请联系我们进行删除。

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