当比特币分裂成教派:开发者为“区块该装什么”打起圣战

marsbitPublished on 2025-10-27Last updated on 2025-10-27

比特币正面临一场关于其区块链用途的新内战

我最近有幸造访了瑞士那座迷人的山城卢加诺(Lugano)。它的魅力在于——正如 Tether 首席执行官保罗·阿尔多伊诺(Paolo Ardoino)所说——这座城市“本质上是意大利,但由瑞士人管理”。阿尔多伊诺是“Plan B”比特币大会的主要支持者之一,而我在会上主持了一场关于各国政府日益接受这一原始加密货币趋势的讨论。

大会的氛围积极高涨——这并不奇怪,因为现场的每一个人都崇拜比特币——但同时也显而易见,天堂中暗藏着麻烦。事实证明,比特币的代码基础正出现日益加深的分裂:争议的焦点在于是否应修改代码,让区块链能容纳更多与金融交易无关的数据。

将非比特币交易相关的数据纳入区块的想法并不新鲜。事实上,区块链上的第一个区块就包含了一条关于银行纾困的报纸标题引用。然而,如今,比特币最大、最具影响力的开发者群体——被称为“Core”(核心团队)——计划调整他们的软件,以显著放宽每个区块中可包含的非支付信息量的限制。

对 Core 阵营而言,这是一个简单而务实的做法,既能推动比特币的新用途,又能在区块奖励仅为 3.125 枚比特币、并预计在 2028 年再次减半的当下,为矿工创造额外手续费收入。然而,一个快速崛起的竞争派系却完全拒绝这一计划,并推出了他们自己的比特币客户端软件——Knots

这一派系的软件由一位有影响力的比特币开发者领导,他是一名虔诚的天主教徒,据称将其命名为“Knots”(意为“结”),是取自耶稣用“带结的鞭子”将兑换钱币的人赶出圣殿的故事。据我采访到的一位 Knots 阵营的律师称,这款软件的必要性在于保护区块链免受他所谴责的垃圾信息发送者,以及那些推广比特币 NFT 等“骗局边缘”项目的侵扰。

如果你曾在线上或线下接触过比特币支持者,你就会知道他们并不以圆融著称。这一点在比特币早期的知名人物身上尤为明显——他们在卢加诺的舞台上以及在 X(原推特)上互相抨击。这些高调的阵营代表包括:Core 阵营的彼得·托德(Peter Todd)和詹姆森·洛普(Jameson Lopp),以及对立的 Knots 阵营的尼克·萨博(Nick Szabo)和卢克·达什尔(Luke Dashjr)。

这场最新的分裂(可在此处阅读一份有用的概述)让人联想起 2015 至 2017 年间那场席卷整个比特币社区的“区块大小之争”。当时,“小区块派”——主张将比特币区块维持在 1MB 的人——最终战胜了认为扩大至 2MB 或更大才具商业可行性的对手。这场战争留下的怨恨至今未消。

在当前的争斗中,Knots 仍是较小的派系,但它已成为超过 20% 比特币节点运营者的首选客户端。它之所以迅速流行,不仅因为其在扩展区块链问题上的立场,更因为人们普遍认为 Core 阵营已变得傲慢,脱离了比特币的核心价值。而 Core 阵营则将 Knots 一派斥为“撒谎的惹事者”。

我无权对此多作评判,只能指出:这场最新的比特币灵魂之争再次印证了我多年来的看法——比特币既是一项了不起的技术,也是一种宗教。正如任何宗教一样,总会在守旧信徒与现代派之间出现分裂。幸运的是,在卢加诺的会场上,也有片刻的团结:那是在湖畔揭幕修复后的中本聪雕像之时。尽管比特币的诸派正在交战,但毫无疑问,他们依然共同崇拜着同一位神。

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