摩根大通拟接受比特币作为贷款抵押品,背后有何深意?

深潮Published on 2025-10-26Last updated on 2025-10-27

摩根大通公司正准备允许机构客户使用比特币和以太坊作为现金贷款的抵押品。

撰文:区块链骑士

在加密货币与传统金融多年的紧张关系之后,全球最大银行内部正出现一项象征性转变。

据报道,摩根大通公司正准备允许机构客户使用比特币和以太坊作为现金贷款的抵押品。

这意味着该行借款人可质押这两种市值最高的加密货币,相关资产将由 Coinbase 等经批准的第三方托管机构持有。

该计划预计将于 2025 年底推出。

这一举措颇具讽刺意味。这家金融巨头的首席执行官杰米·戴蒙(Jamie Dimon)是知名的加密货币批评者,他此前曾将比特币描述为「骗局」。

但加密货币这一新兴行业的需求不断增长,迫使他不得不支持公司推出相关产品。

数字抵押品的新篇章

摩根大通的这一举措可能会悄然改写数字资产与受监管信贷市场的边界。

据 Galaxy Research 数据,截至 6 月 30 日,中心化金融未偿还贷款总额达 177.8 亿美元,环比增长 15%,同比增长 147%。

若计入去中心化贷款,2025 年第二季度加密货币抵押信贷总余额达到 530.9 亿美元,创下历史第三高纪录。

这些数据反映出一种结构性转变:随着数字资产价格上涨,借贷活动同步增加。

这一趋势使得信贷利差收窄,让贷款对交易员和企业财务部门更具吸引力。

此外,企业也开始利用加密货币抵押借贷为运营融资,以数字资产担保债务替代股权发行。

在这一背景下,摩根大通的入局与其说是一次实验,不如说是这家机构在新兴行业中「追赶同行」的决定性举措。

对此,加密货币研究员 Shanaka Anslem Perera 估计,该模式可为对冲基金、企业财务部门和大型资产管理公司释放 100 亿至 200 亿美元的即时借贷能力。

这些机构希望获得美元流动性,同时无需出售手中的加密货币代币。

从实际操作来看,这意味着企业如今可凭借数字资产筹集资金,流程与以美国国债或蓝筹股为抵押的借贷方式一致。

摩根大通此举的重要意义

尽管加密货币抵押借贷在去中心化金融(DeFi)协议和小型中心化金融贷款机构中已较为常见,但摩根大通的参与将这一模式「机构化」。

该行的入局标志着数字资产已足够成熟,能够满足全球金融行业在合规、托管和风险管理方面的标准。

专注于以太坊的财务公司 SharpLink 的首席信息官 Matt Sheffield 认为,这一进展可能会重塑资产管理公司和基金的资产负债表管理方式。

他表示:「迄今为止,许多依赖于银行交易的传统金融机构,不得不在持有以太坊现货与其他头寸之间做出选择。」

「而这家全球最大的投资银行正着手改变这一现状。通过以第三方托管机构持有的头寸为抵押进行借贷,机构可以构建更具盈利能力的投资组合,提升抵押资产的价值。」

与此同时,这一决定也强化了摩根大通在加密货币领域的整体布局。

过去两年,该行打造了基于区块链的结算网络 Onyx,处理了数十亿美元的代币化支付,并探索了数字资产回购交易。

接受比特币和以太坊作为贷款抵押品,完成了「发行 - 结算 - 信贷」的闭环,这三个环节均依托区块链基础设施展开。

基于此,Sheffield 预测,此举将引发大型银行之间的「竞争性连锁反应」。他指出:

「这将掀起一股浪潮。对大型机构而言,『率先行动』的威慑力十足。在风险降低后,其他银行将纷纷跟进,若不采取行动,它们将失去竞争力。」

目前,花旗集团、高盛集团等竞争对手已扩大了数字资产托管和回购业务;贝莱德已将代币化国债(BUIDL)纳入其基金生态;富达今年则将其机构加密货币部门的员工数量增加了一倍。

机会与挑战并存

尽管华尔街对数字资产的接纳度不断提高,但挑战依然存在。

涉足这一市场的银行必须应对加密货币固有的波动性、监管资本处理的不确定性,以及持续存在的交易对手风险,这些因素都限制了它们扩大加密货币抵押借贷业务的力度。

美国监管机构尚未针对数字抵押品发布明确的资本权重指导方针,导致机构只能依赖保守的内部模型。即便由第三方托管机构管理托管风险,监管机构的监督预计仍将保持严格。

尽管如此,行业发展轨迹已清晰无误,数字资产正逐渐融入全球信贷市场的架构之中。

比特币分析师 Joe Consoerti 表示,这些举措表明:「全球金融体系正缓慢地围绕人类已知的最高质量资产重新配置抵押品。」

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