ERC-8004：数字资产与机器经济的崛起

marsbitPublished on 2025-10-22Last updated on 2025-10-23

编者按：在 AI 与区块链融合的浪潮中，ERC-8004 的发布标志着机器经济迈入「信任时代」。由以太坊基金会 dAI 团队与 Consensys 牵头，联合 MetaMask、Google、Coinbase 等重量级机构推出的这一协议，首次为 AI 代理提供链上身份、声誉与验证机制，打破了长期以来自主软件彼此孤立的局面。

本文深入解析 ERC-8004 如何构建开放的代理发现与协作基础设施，并探讨其在 Tempo、Thinking Machines 等新兴 AI 加密生态中的潜力。随着百余团队已开始构建，ERC-8004 不仅是技术标准，更是机器经济的信任底座。

以下为原文内容：

ERC-8004：为 AI 代理建立信任的协议标准

上周，以太坊基金会的 dAI 团队与 Consensys 发布了 ERC-8004 协议，这是一项允许 AI 代理彼此发现、验证并进行交易的协议。签署方包括 MetaMask、以太坊基金会、Google、Coinbase、EigenLayer、ENS 和 The Graph。

迄今为止，包括机器人、模型或智能合约在内的自主软件一直处于各自为政的状态。A2A（Agent-to-Agent）和 MCP（Model Context Protocol）等框架的出现，使代理之间能够沟通。

A2A 提供了一种共享语言，让软件代理发送结构化消息；而由 Anthropic 推出的 MCP 则允许 AI 模型交换上下文并协调任务。这两者有助于实现互操作性，但仍缺乏「信任」机制。也就是说，它们无法判断一个代理的真实身份、其记录是否可靠，或者其输出是否可验证。

以太坊基金会

ERC-8004 引入了一组中立的链上注册表，通过链上身份、声誉和验证机制，解决了这一问题。

每个代理都会收到一个可移植的链上身份，即 ERC-721 代币，一个代表机器的 NFT。该代币指向一个注册文件，该文件描述了代理的姓名、技能、钱包和终端节点。由于它是标准化的，并且基于中立的基础设施，任何市场或浏览器都可以对其进行索引。

代理可以互相留下反馈，按任务进行标记，并将其与经济支付证明 (x402 – EIP-402 的缩写，这是一种将链上支付与链下交互绑定的加密收据) 关联。对于更高可信度的用例，验证者可以通过硬件区域、权益证明机制或 zkML 验证来确认输出。简而言之，这是一个面向自主代理的开放评级和审计层。

这一标准为机器对机器的经济活动奠定了基础。它构建了一个无需人类中介的世界，让代理在协商、交易和协作中能够彼此信任。这是区块链在货币和合约领域去中介化逻辑的延续——移除 AI 代理之间的平台中间人。

据报道，到目前为止，已有一百多个团队正在按照该规范进行构建。

以太坊基金会

AI 与加密基础设施的巨额投资

ERC-8004 的发布正值 AI 经济基础设施迎来巨额投资之际。支付导向的 Layer 1 区块链 Tempo 刚完成 5 亿美元融资，估值达 50 亿美元；由前 OpenAI 高管创立的 AI 初创公司 Thinking Machines 则融资 20 亿美元，估值达 120 亿美元。

我们正在见证 AI 与加密领域史上最大规模的融资轮。

Tempo 正在构建一个专为稳定币和现实金融优化的封闭支付网络。这本质上是企业版的以太坊愿景：高吞吐、低费用的全球交易结算通道。在 Tempo 的世界中，代理可以以机器速度处理支付，但其内部的私有生态系统由其验证器和费用模型控制。

ERC-8004 可以为该生态系统提供一个开放的发现和声誉层。Tempo 无需定义哪些代理商或商家可以进行交易，而是可以集成 ERC-8004 注册中心，以便任何经过验证且拥有公开链上身份的代理商都可以接入其支付网络。这将使 Tempo 从一个封闭的结算层转变为一个可编程的结算层，并与更广泛的以太坊代理经济实现互操作。

以太坊基金会

Thinking Machines 的定位更高一层，尽管其目标尚不明确，但已有产品致力于训练模型以增强其韧性与灵活性。这有助于在互联网上部署能够推理、协作和交易的自主代理。目前，这些代理仍存在于封闭、垂直整合的环境中。

通过采用 ERC-8004，Thinking Machines 可以为开放经济构建训练工具：每个模型或代理都可在链上被发现与验证，拥有 ERC-721 身份代币，并通过 x402 验证的交互建立真实经济声誉。实际应用中，这意味着一个 Thinking Machines 的代理可以在以太坊上与数据提供者代理签约，通过 Tempo 或其他链支付，并将结果回链，无需人工干预。

简而言之，ERC-8004 可以解锁可编程市场。它赋予自主代理在链上签订合同、结算和建立声誉的能力，而这正是 DeFi 为人类服务的要素。

对于金融科技而言，短期影响较小；很少有企业会在一夜之间用代理取代 API。但一旦代理能够证明身份、信誉和付款，他们就可以处理从信用评分到交易执行等各种任务，而无需平台中间人。

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