“比特币矿商”的“估值逻辑”:“为AI发电”数倍于“挖比特币”

华尔街日报Published on 2025-10-19Last updated on 2025-10-19

比特币矿企的估值逻辑将发生根本性重构。凭借现成的电网接入能力,这些企业正快速向科技基础设施供应商转型。能够立即为AI数据中心供电成核心优势,正帮助比特币矿企逐步摆脱加密货币周期的束缚。

10月19日,据媒体报道,追踪上市矿企的基金今年已飙升超150%,远超比特币14%的涨幅。Cipher Mining和IREN Ltd.的股价分别暴涨约300%和500%。这一表现背后,是投资者对这些公司的重新定价——不再以挖矿收益为依托,而是聚焦其AI基础设施价值

投行Needham & Co.分析师John Todaro表示:

“投资者几乎完全基于比特币矿企的HPC/AI这一机会进行估值。我们与矿企的对话中,实际涉及比特币和比特币挖矿的比例不到10%。”

这一估值差异源自一个关键事实美国比特币矿企拥有约6.3吉瓦已运营站点及2.5吉瓦在建产能,是AI公司“最快获得电力、执行风险最低”的选择。在2025至2028年间美国面临45吉瓦数据中心大型电力缺口的背景下,这些现成的电力资源价值凸显。

交易逻辑重构

实际上交易正在“为AI发电”这一逻辑中。今年早些时候,Cipher Mining与谷歌部分支持的Fluidstack签署了为期一个月的验证10年、约30亿美元的主机托管协议,其中14亿美元为所有权义务,交换条件是代表5.4%股权的认股权。这是迄今为止加密挖矿与AI界线模糊化的最明显信号之一。

IREN周三完成10亿美元可转债发行,TeraWulf本周宣布计划发行32亿美元优先拟议,用于此前位于纽约巴克的Lake Mariner数据中心。总部位于新加坡的Bitdeer Technologies周三集团详细说明了将主要矿场转为AI数据中心的计划,包括其位于俄亥俄州克拉灵顿的570兆瓦设施。该公司表示,在最佳情况下,全面改造可在2026年底前产生超过20亿美元的年化收入。

Needham的Todaro指出:

“HPC 和 AI 主机托管的每兆瓦收入和 EBITDA 利润率远高于挖矿,资本市场正以远较传统矿企的倍数奖励聚焦 AI 的数据中心。”

立即供电:矿企的核心竞争力

比特币矿场相对新建数据中心的最大优势在于时间。摩根士丹利报告指出,这些矿场拥有已批获的电网连接和大规模电力供应能力,可以绕开新建数据中心通常需要运行数年的“大负荷互联”流程。

数据显示,美国比特币矿企除现有的6.3吉瓦运营产能和2.5吉瓦在建产能外,还有8.6吉瓦已获得电网接入许可的开发项目。将这些站点改造为AI数据中心的建设周期约为18至24个月,与比特币站点从开发到完善电力设施基础的时间完美契合。

在电力短缺急骤的背景下,这种“立即供电”的能力至关重要。摩根士丹利模型,即使将天然气涡轮机、燃料电池和核能利用等所有创新措施都考虑在内,到2028年美国数据中心开发者仍将面临约5至15吉瓦的电力。施耐德电气调查报告证实,“获取电力”已成为数据中心项目延期的紧急原因。

矿业经济恶化加速转型

比特币矿企转型的紧迫性源于比特币挖矿经济的持续恶化。去年的比特币减半将矿工奖励从6.25个比特币削减至3.125个。此后,网络涨幅和交易量足以挤压利润率。根据哈希价格指数显示,比特币矿工的收益指标逼近历史低点。即使比特币近期创下历史高位,也几乎未能改善矿企的单位收益。

TheMinerMag的Zhao指出,Riot Platforms、IREN和Bitfarms已表示近期不会扩张力。Bitdeer市场资本与战略副总裁Jeff LaBerge表示:

“对Bitdeer而言,AI/HPC是挖矿的补充替代方案。“

在AI电力需求持续激增、而矿企能够立即提供电力供应的背景下,市场正在重新发现这些公司作为科技基础设施初创的真实价值。

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