复盘150亿美元比特币大案,美国政府是如何拿到私钥的?

marsbitPublished on 2025-10-16Last updated on 2025-10-17

当一个“无法攻破”的数字堡垒,遇上决心敲门的国家机器,会发生什么?

2025年10月,美国司法部的一纸公告,给全球所有比特币信徒带来了刺骨寒意。公告宣布成功查获价值150亿美元的比特币,这些资产全部来自一个由华人陈志(Chen Zhi)掌控的柬埔寨犯罪帝国。

美国司法部

美国司法部

这不是又一出现金或黄金被缴获的普通新闻。悖论在于:这批天文数字的比特币,据信存储在陈志本人控制私钥的个人冷钱包中——这是加密世界公认的、神圣不可侵犯的“自我托管”黄金标准。

“Not your keys, not your coins”(不是你的私钥,就不是你的币)——这句比特币世界的基石信条,在国家权力的长臂面前,似乎突然变得苍白无力。一个核心问题盘旋在每个持有者心头:如果连与世隔绝的冷钱包都能被强制没收,我们所信奉的金融主权,究竟还剩下什么?

许多人猜测,一定是出了内鬼,或是物理设备被缴获。但真相远比这更令人不安:政府很可能根本无需找到你,无需撬开你的保险箱,就凭空计算出了你的私钥。

综合社区里的各种信息和分析来看,情况似乎是这样的:政府并没有能力“攻破”比特币协议本身,这依然是安全的。但他们找到了一条新路径——从“人”和“有漏洞的代码”下手。他们手里的武器,其实是一套组合拳:用法律开路,用链上分析技术追踪,再配合各种手段拿到私钥。

原罪:那串“并不随机”的私钥

故事的一切,始于一家名为“路边矿池”(Lubian.com)的公司。

根据社区情报,Lubian 是一家由国人创办的比特币矿池,2019年崛起,凭借其算力实力和低廉手续费,一度跻身全球矿池排名前十。然而,为了节省给矿工批量转账时的交易费,Lubian 的开发者们犯下了一个致命的错误:他们没有使用行业标准的钱包软件,而是自己写了一套批量生成地址的程序。

美国司法部

他们的程序出了一个“荒唐”的问题:用于生成私钥的“随机数”,其实一点也不随机。

为了理解这一点,我们可以打个比方。一个真正安全的比特币私钥,好比一张拥有256个号码的超级彩票,每一个号码都是在0和1之间完全独立、随机摇出来的。想猜中这张彩票的完整号码,概率比大海捞针还低无数倍,是宇宙级别的不可能。

但Lubian的程序,就像一台坏掉的彩票机。它并没有在近乎无限的可能性里随机挑选号码,而是像卡壳了一样,总是打印出号码高度相似的彩票。比如,前224个号码永远都是固定的,只有最后32个号码在变。

黑客发现了这台彩票机的故障规律。他们不再需要去猜一个256位的天文数字,而只需要猜那最后32位的、可能性有限的号码组合。这一下,破解难度就从“神仙难办”变成了“凡人能解”。黑客轻松复制出了所有这台坏机器可能生成的私钥,然后把对应的钱包全部搬空。

Lubian 亲手埋下了这颗原子弹。


神秘黑客的“圣诞大劫案”

2020年12月28日,有人按下了引爆器。

美国司法部

独立安全研究员 Christian Reitter 的报告证实,在这一天,一个或多个神秘行动者,显然也发现了Lubian的致命漏洞。在短短两个小时内,一场疯狂的资产大转移开始了。

  • 总计约136,951枚比特币(当时价值约37亿美元)从Lubian控制的数百个弱私钥地址中被席卷一空。
  • 行动者手法精准,似乎完全掌握了这些地址的私钥,像从自己的钱包里转账一样从容。
  • 其中约9,500枚比特币被转回了Lubian后来仍继续使用的地址,这意味着行动者可能并非想赶尽杀绝,或者这本身就是一场混乱的“白帽救援”与“黑帽攻击”的混合体。

Lubian 官方对此事讳莫如深,网站关闭,官方账号再未更新。他们似乎被打懵了。

更有戏剧性的是,在事发近两年后的2022年7月,有人开始在链上通过 OP_RETURN 功能给黑客地址广播喊话:

“MSG from LB. To the whitehat who is saving our asset, you can contact us through [email protected] to discuss the return of asset and your reward.”

“LB”显然是指Lubian。他们似乎仍寄希望于对方是一名“白帽黑客”,并试图通过“讨论资产返还和你的奖励”来挽回损失。但这封迟到的信,石沉大海。


美国政府的“螳螂捕蝉”

时间快进到2025年。故事的另一个主角——“太子”陈志和他背后的犯罪帝国进入了美国政府的视野。

检方文件描绘了一幅地狱般的景象:陈志的“太子集团”在东南亚运营着至少十个如同监狱的“诈骗园区”,囚禁着成千上万被虚假高薪工作诱骗而来的劳工。他们在这里遭受暴力和酷刑,被迫对全球民众实施臭名昭著的“杀猪盘”投资诈骗。这场被美国司法部定性为“人道主义灾难”的行动,为政府后续的跨国追捕提供了无懈可击的合法性。

而调查发现,其天文数字的犯罪所得,正是通过已经“死亡”的Lubian矿池进行洗钱的——陈志正是Lubian的幕后控制者。根据最新情报,其财富规模远超想象,总持有量可能高达22万枚BTC。难怪自2017年熊市起,场外交易(OTC)市场一直流传着“太子是最大买家”的传说——他凭一己之力,撑起了漫长的熊市。

现在,美国政府手里的“三叉戟”终于有了用武之地。

法律之矛——锁定犯罪资产

陈志无可争议的“前置犯罪”,给了美国政府最强的法律武器。他们要追缴的不是普通资产,而是已被证实的、与大规模犯罪紧密关联的非法所得。在美国,《美国法典》等法规为没收犯罪财产提供了明确依据,强大的民事没收权力甚至允许在所有者被定罪前就对资产提起诉讼,大大降低了行动门槛。

技术之眼——在透明账本上锁定你

政府的目标,不再是Lubian那些早已空空如也的地址,而是追踪2020年那个神秘黑客转移走的13万多枚比特币的去向。借助Chainalysis等“数字猎犬”,调查人员在庞杂的区块链上,将这些被盗资金的流动路径与陈志的犯罪网络进行关联,最终证明了这笔钱的“赃款”属性。

行动之臂——从黑客手中夺取私钥

这是新的核心谜题:政府是如何从那个神秘黑客(或多个黑客)手中,拿到私钥的? 公开资料对此讳莫如深,这种模糊本身就是一种威慑。目前主要有几种推测:

  • 二次破解: 既然漏洞是公开的,美国政府完全有能力动用自己的国家级计算资源(数学家、黑客、超级计算机),像当年的黑客一样,再次独立地将私钥计算出来。
  • 黑客被捕: 美国政府可能通过技术追踪和传统侦查,成功定位并抓获了2020年的那个黑客,并通过司法交易,迫使其交出了私钥。
  • 主动投诚: 另一种可能性是,仍在逃亡的陈志,为求“断尾求生”,主动与美国政府达成秘密协议,交出由其网络控制的这笔资产,以换取某些妥协。
  • 传统渗透: 当然,也不能排除最传统的手段,例如犯罪集团内部的“内鬼”倒戈提供了情报。

无论如何,美国政府扮演了“螳螂捕蝉,黄雀在后”的角色。他们利用了黑客攻击留下的线索,最终将这笔本属于Lubian、后被黑客盗取、源头是犯罪所得的巨额资产,成功收归国有。


从拍卖槌到国家宝藏:美国的新国策

一个更深远的变化,发生在美国政府对待这些没收资产的态度上。

旧范式:丝绸之路拍卖会 在过去,以“丝绸之路”案为代表,美国法警局会通过公开拍卖,将被没收的比特币清算为美元。这更像是一种处置犯罪赃物的常规操作,政府是“卖家”。

新范式:战略比特币储备 2025年3月签署的一项行政命令,彻底改变了游戏规则。该命令宣布建立“战略比特币储备”,其核心原则惊人地明确:存入该储备的比特币“不得出售”,并将作为美国的战略资产(被类比为“数字黄金”)进行维护。

美国司法部

这项新政策,实质上将美国司法部、FBI等执法机构,转变成了世界上最高效、最合法的比特币“囤币工”。打击犯罪的核心任务,与增加国家储备的战略目标完美结合,形成了一个强大的正向反馈循环。


你的比特币危险吗?

回到所有玩家最关心的问题:“我需要担心自己的比特币吗?”

这起案件给出的答案是:你需要担心的,可能不是强大的政府,而是愚蠢的代码。

这场风暴的根源,是一个根据不完全统计,影响了超过22万个地址的、堪称史诗级的代码漏洞。更离谱的是,时至今日,依然有人在往这些早已被公开泄露的地址里转钱,你需要做的是检查你的地址是否受到影响,查询链接:https://git.distrust.co/milksad/data

这给我们普通玩家的启示是:

  • 你的第一道防线,是代码,不是保险箱。 你的安全感,不应来自你把助记词藏得多好,而应来自你确信生成这串助记词的软件绝对可靠。永远不要使用来路不明的、闭源的、或未经社区严格审计的钱包软件。
  • 政府的目标不是你。 对于绝大多数守法的普通人来说,几乎不需要担心。政府的打击目标画像非常清晰:是那些有严重“前置犯罪”(如大规模诈骗、贩毒、洗钱)的大型犯罪组织。没有这个基础,法律武器就无法启动。

不可逾越的红线,始终是“前置犯罪”。法治原则和《美国宪法第四修正案》(禁止无理搜查和扣押)依然是守法公民财产的最终保障。然而,真正的长期风险并非来自资产被任意扣押,而是来自“前置犯罪”定义的潜在扩张。然是真理,但它的前提是,你的私यो钥必须是一个真正意义上的私钥——一个通过足够强大的、经过验证的随机性生成的密码学产物。

这150亿美元的血案,为整个行业敲响了警钟:在黑暗森林般的加密世界里,任何微小的、自作聪明的代码捷径,都可能通向万劫不复的深渊。

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