Первый криптобанк в США стал на шаг ближе к запуску

cryptonews.ruPublished on 2025-07-15Last updated on 2025-10-16

Управление контролера денежного обращения США (OCC) выдало Erebor Bank предварительное, условное одобрение на получение национальной банковской лицензии. Решение открыло путь к созданию нового криптоориентированного банка, за которым стоят Палмер Лаки, Джо Лонсдейл и Питер Тиль

Решение принято всего через четыре месяца после подачи заявки Erebor и после введения в Вашингтоне закона GENIUS, который установил новые стандарты для выпуска стейблкоинов. Банк планирует вести цифровые операции из Колумбуса и Нью-Йорка, опираясь на капитал в $275 млн и консервативную стратегию управления рисками.

Криптовалютный резерв США — все, что нужно знать

Банковской лицензии — быть

Управление контролера денежного обращения, федеральное агентство, контролирующее национальные банки, предоставило Erebor предварительное и условное разрешение на создание федерального банка. Это первое подобное одобрение регулятора после того, как его возглавил Джонатан Гоулд. Решение подчеркивает переход к более благоприятной для инноваций регуляторной политике.

«OCC остается приверженным разнообразной банковской системе, поддерживающей ответственное новаторство», — сказал Гоулд в заявлении. «Сегодняшнее решение — это первый шаг, а не финишная черта».

Статус, который получил Erebor Bank благодаря одобрению OCC, позволяет основателям привлекать депозиты, нанимать сотрудников и строить инфраструктуру, пока регуляторы проверяют их системы. Банк должен завершить аудиты по кибербезопасности, капиталу и противодействию отмыванию денег перед открытием.

Перед запуском Erebor также должен получить одобрение Федеральной корпорации по страхованию депозитов (FDIC), что обычно занимает 9-10 месяцев. Аналитики отмечают, что двойной надзор OCC и FDIC может установить новый стандарт для банков, работающих с цифровыми активами.

После получения полной лицензии Erebor сможет предлагать кредиты, услуги хранения и проводить платежи с использованием цифровых активов.

Штаб-квартира проекта будет находиться в Огайо, а дополнительный офис — в Нью-Йорке. Банк будет работать в основном через мобильные и веб-платформы. В банк уже инвестировали такие компании, как Founders Fund, 8VC и Haun Ventures. Все они активно работают в крипто- и финтех-сферах.

Силиконовая долина и след Трампа

Основатели Erebor тесно связаны с влиятельными фигурами Силиконовой долины и политиками. Соучредитель проекта Палмер Лаки также является основателем оборонно-технологической компании Anduril. Джо Лонсдейл в свою очередь является соучредителем Palantir и главой 8VC. Подконтрольные ему компании активно поддерживали президента Дональда Трампа и вице-президента Дж. Д. Вэнса. Через организации Лонсдейл жертвовал на кампании республиканцев в избирательном цикле 2024 года.

Еще один ранний инвестор, Питер Тиль, остается одним из самых известных консервативных венчурных инвесторов и союзником семьи Трампа.

Примечательно, что создание Erebor соответствует усилиям администрации США по снижению регуляторных барьеров для банков, работающих с цифровыми активами.

Руководство компании, включая генерального директора Оуэна Рапапорта и президента Майка Хагедорна, сохраняет независимость от своих политически связанных инвесторов. Однако участие в проекте Founders Fund, 8VC и Haun Ventures вызвало вопросы о скорости регуляторного одобрения. Критики считают, что банк получил преимущество благодаря легкому доступу к федеральным агентствам, в то время как сторонники уверены, что быстрый процесс отражает соответствие бизнеса Erebor законам США. Значительный капитал, которым располагает молодой проект, также мог сыграть роль в ускорении урегулирования правовых вопросов.

Рынок стейблкоинов готов к изменениям

Erebor может изменить криптобанкинг в США. Такие проекты способны связать инфраструктуру банков с рынком блокчейн-финансов. Согласно закону GENIUS, банки, выпускающие стейблкоины, должны поддерживать 100% резервы и публиковать ежемесячные отчеты. Такая структура может ускорить институциональное принятие криптоинструментов и процесс тестирования банковских криптоплатежей.

По данным CoinMetrics, в 2025 году рынок стейблкоинов вырос почти на 18%, достигнув капитализации около $312 млрд. Аналитики Galaxy Research ожидают, что к концу 2026 года регулируемые банки могут занять до 25% этого рынка благодаря улучшению нормативных условий.

Топ-7 стейблкоинов по рыночной капитализации / Источник: CoinGecko

Если Erebor получит финальные лицензии, он сможет конкурировать с Anchorage Digital в области выпуска стейблкоинов и услуг хранения активов. Планы проекта по кредитованию под залог криптовалюты или оборудования для ИИ могут расширить ликвидность для майнеров, маркетмейкеров и инфраструктурных компаний.

Однако критики предупреждают о возможном фаворитизме и концентрации рисков. Сенатор Элизабет Уоррен назвала предварительное одобрение лицензии Erebor «рискованным». Тем не менее регуляторы видят этот шаг как меру по интеграции цифровых активов в традиционную финансовую систему под строгим контролем.

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