15亿美元比特币被查获:东南亚「杀猪盘」帝国崩塌背后

marsbitPublished on 2025-10-14Last updated on 2025-10-15

律动注:10 月 14 日,美国纽约东区联邦地区法院(EDNY)传出消息,美国政府正寻求没收在柬埔寨太子集团行动中查获的 12.7 万枚比特币,按当前价格计算超 140 亿美元。若此次没收顺利执行,美国政府将成为持有比特币数量最大的实体。以下是此次案件的详细解析:

过去五年间,遍布全球的杀猪盘背后的犯罪分子从世界各地窃取了数百亿美元。如今,执法部门针对这一庞大的诈骗产业,发起了迄今为止规模最大的行动之一,目标直指东南亚多个现代奴隶制诈骗园区的运营者。在该地区,数十万人口贩卖受害者被迫为犯罪集团进行诈骗活动。

本周二,美英官员协同行动,打击了柬埔寨一个大型犯罪组织及其头目,据称该头目在柬埔寨运营着多个臭名昭著的诈骗中心。美国财政部外国资产控制办公室(OFAC)宣布,已对与新认定的太子集团跨国犯罪组织相关的 146 个 目标实施金融制裁,涵盖该犯罪帝国相关的个人与空壳公司。作为联邦调查局(FBI)参与的全面行动的一部分,美国司法部(DOJ)还查获了近 13 万枚比特币,截至宣布消息时,这些比特币价值约 150 亿美元——这是迄今为止美国查获的最大规模的加密货币。

OFAC 指出,太子集团犯罪实体由柬埔寨本土企业太子控股集团、其董事长兼首席执行官陈志及其关联人员、商业伙伴组成。该公司对外宣称是柬埔寨最大的企业集团之一,业务涵盖房地产开发与金融服务。但司法部指控称,陈志与其他高管暗中将太子集团打造成亚洲最大的跨国犯罪组织之一,并在柬埔寨境内运营至少 10 个诈骗园区。

「正如指控所述,被告操控着史上规模最大的投资诈骗网络之一,助长了已呈泛滥之势的非法产业,」美国纽约东区联邦检察官 Joseph Nocella Jr. 在声明中表示,「太子集团的投资诈骗已造成全球受害者数十亿美元损失,并带来难以估量的苦难。」司法部透露,陈志目前尚未被捕,仍在潜逃中。

英国外交大臣 Yvette Cooper 在声明中称:「这些恐怖诈骗园区的幕后黑手,一边摧毁弱势群体的生活,一边在伦敦购置房产藏匿赃款。」英国也对陈志、太子集团及其他关联实体实施了金融制裁,并冻结了据称与陈志相关的伦敦商业资产及房产,包括一套位于北伦敦、价值 1200 万英镑(约合 1600 万美元)的豪宅,以及一栋位于伦敦金融城、价值 1 亿英镑(约合 1.33 亿美元)的办公楼。

记者向「王子控股集团」官网列出的媒体联络邮箱发送邮件,却被立即退回。

「今日的协同行动,是对东南亚网络犯罪集团迄今为止最沉重的打击,」网络安全公司 Infoblox 专注于亚洲事务的高级威胁研究员 John Wojcik 表示。他此前曾在联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室(UNODC)追踪诈骗园区与东南亚网络犯罪。Wojcik 认为,该集团「绝非普通犯罪团伙——它是该地区最大的网络犯罪与洗钱实体之一,也是犯罪金融科技及基础设施领域的领头羊」。

然而,案件还存在一个尚未厘清的转折,加密货币追踪公司 Elliptic 在本周二的博客文章中指出,美国执法部门查获的比特币实际上似乎与 2020 年一家名为 Lubian 的中国加密货币挖矿公司被盗的资金相同。如今的起诉书将 Lubian 描述为陈志洗钱网络的一部分,这可能是一种将诈骗赃款转移至加密货币挖矿硬件,生成无犯罪记录「干净新币」的涉嫌犯罪计划。

究竟是谁在 2020 年窃取了这些资金,或者说是否真的发生了盗窃,目前仍远未明朗。「有可能是陈志伪造盗窃案,将其作为洗钱计划的一部分,混淆资金流向,」Elliptic 联合创始人 Tom Robinson 表示,「第二种可能是盗窃确有其事,作案者或许是美国政府,但更可能是其他人。」Robinson 称,美国执法部门随后可能追踪到了该盗窃者,并以某种方式从其手中缴获了这批资金。

暂且不论加密货币挖矿洗钱与神秘盗窃案,起诉书中指控陈志是华语圈杀猪盘生态系统的核心参与者。过去十年间,活跃于东南亚的有组织犯罪集团,在缅甸、老挝、柬埔寨境内运营着数十个诈骗园区。这些园区多由华人犯罪集团操控,通过发布虚假招聘广告,从全球 60 多个国家诱骗人员前来工作。受害者抵达园区后,护照常被没收,随后被迫操控各类网络诈骗,目标遍及全球;若拒不服从,有时会遭到殴打或虐待。除人口贩卖与诈骗外,这些诈骗园区还常与洗钱、网络赌场存在关联。

美国司法部对陈志及 7 名未具名同谋的起诉书指控,太子集团在 30 个国家运营着超 100 家企业,并列出了多个涉嫌关联的子公司。起诉书中还提到,包括纽约布鲁克林某网络在内的一些地方组织,也为太子集团效力。指控称,自 2015 年起,陈志及公司高管在柬埔寨各地建立并运营诈骗园区,并利用在多国的政治影响力保护其犯罪帝国。

起诉书中称:「陈志直接参与诈骗园区的管理,并留存每个园区的相关记录,包括追踪诈骗利润的文件,其中明确提及『杀猪』一词」,同时还涉嫌存在「向公职人员行贿的账簿」。据称,陈志持有的一份文件显示,两个诈骗中心配备了 1250 部手机,用于操控 7.6 万个社交媒体账号。起诉书还指控,陈志持有证明太子集团对被贩卖至诈骗园区人员使用暴力手段的图片,文件中包含显示人员流血、遭殴打的画面。

此次查获的 127271 枚比特币,在没收时市值超 150 亿美元。这是美国司法部历史上规模最大的资金查获案,无论对加密货币还是其他任何形式的资金而言,均创下纪录。此前美国执法部门的纪录诞生于 2022 年,当时查获了 9.5 万枚比特币(市值 36 亿美元),涉案的曼哈顿夫妇随后承认从 Bitfinex 交易所盗窃资金;更早的 2020 年,执法部门曾查获据称由某匿名黑客从丝绸之路暗网毒品市场盗取的 10 亿美元比特币。此外,英国警方今年 6 月从一名涉嫌投资诈骗的中国女性手中,查获了 6.1 万枚比特币(市值 67 亿美元),这一规模超过此前美国纪录,但仍不足此次太子集团案件查获金额的一半。

「需注意的是,此次查获的非凡意义不仅在于规模,更在于其象征意义,」加密货币追踪公司 TRM Labs 全球政策主 Ari Redbord 表示,同时指出「这仍只是诈骗园区非法获利的一小部分」。他补充道:「这些并非孤立的诈骗案,而是工厂级的运作,依靠强迫劳动,借助加密货币的速度和规模进行强化,并通过遍布柬埔寨、缅甸、老挝、中国及其他地区的复杂洗钱基础设施相互关联。」

Redbord 认为,此次大规模行动直击诈骗园区生态系统的运营与金融核心。近年来,追踪东南亚诈骗园区的研究人员发现,这些园区规模迅速扩张,并利用非法所得投资于技术含量越来越高的诈骗活动。过去两年间,诈骗园区还开始在东南亚以外地区涌现,在中东、东欧、拉丁美洲及西非均发现相关据点。

「通过打击转移、藏匿赃款的空壳公司、银行、交易所与房地产等金融架构,美英两国正在瓦解支撑这些犯罪的经济引擎,」Redbord 说,「这正是 21 世纪反威胁金融行动应有的样子——协调一致、数据驱动、全球化。」

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