今年涨最多的美股板块?不是AI、也不是比特币概念股,是金矿!

华尔街日报Published on 2025-10-09Last updated on 2025-10-09

在一众科技巨头与加密货币的光环之下,今年美股市场的最大赢家悄然来自一个“备受冷落”的传统行业——金矿开采。

随着金价自1月以来飙升52%,并在本周突破每盎司4000美元大关,金矿公司的股价迎来了更猛烈的涨势。标普全球金矿指数(S&P Global Gold Mining index)今年已飙升129%,成为标普行业指数中表现最佳的板块。美国政府停摆的风险、各国央行的持续买入以及对主权债务膨胀的担忧,共同点燃了这轮贵金属牛市。

对于Agnico Eagle、Barrick Mining和Newmont等行业巨头而言,金价的上涨意味着即将到来的丰厚利润。由于矿企的日常生产成本在很大程度上是固定的,金价上涨所带来的额外收入几乎可以转化为纯利润。投资公司VanEck的投资组合经理Imaru Casanova直言:

“对金矿股来说,这是非常棒的一年。他们手握的现金多到不知如何处理。”

黄金股表现碾压科技巨头

金矿股之所以能跑赢黄金本身,核心在于其运营模式的利润杠杆效应。更高的金价可以直接增厚利润率,从而对股价产生放大作用。

数据显示,今年以来,Newmont股价上涨了137%,Barrick上涨118%,Agnico Eagle则上涨116%。就连于9月30日上市的紫金黄金国际,其股价也已翻倍,成为今年第二大首次公开募股。相比之下,AI领域的明星公司英伟达上涨了40%,甲骨文上涨72%,谷歌母公司Alphabet上涨30%,微软则上涨25%。

同期,比特币的价格涨幅也仅为31%。这使得曾一度被部分投资者视为“价值毁灭者”的金矿行业,重新回到了聚光灯下。

历史的警钟:投资者担忧行业重蹈覆辙

尽管市场一片繁荣,但资深投资者仍对该行业过去的“不良记录”记忆犹新。上一轮黄金牛市(2011年见顶)期间,飙升的金价带来了巨额利润,但也助长了大规模的企业并购、高管薪酬的急剧膨胀和生产成本的上升。

随之而来的是残酷的清算。从2011年的高点开始,金矿股在接下来的四年里暴跌了79%。VanEck的Imaru Casanova指出:

“当时大量价值被摧毁。在投资者的脑海里,这段记忆仍然很清晰。这些公司在上一周期犯下的错误,以及一些怀疑主义,会让人们不禁要问,这些错误会再次发生吗?”

资产管理公司Ninety One的黄金开采基金投资组合经理George Cheveley也表示,这个长期“不受待见”的行业本质上是周期性的,往往“在短时间内赚大钱”,也正因如此,“它确实会变得过度”。

资本配置成关键挑战

面对预期中的资金流入,黄金矿业公司的管理层正面临如何最佳配置资本的难题。BMO资本市场预测,该板块明年的自由现金流将达到600亿美元。

董事会层面的变化也反映了改善回报的压力。Newmont和Barrick上周都宣布了新的首席执行官任命。BMO资本市场分析师Matthew Murphy表示,Barrick意外更换CEO Mark Bristow可能"与股价相对同行表现不佳有关"。

贝莱德主题与板块投资主管Evy Hambro建议公司优先考虑分红而非股票回购。他认为:

"考虑到黄金矿业公司终于享受到强劲的利润率,向长期受苦的股东返还资本应该是关键优先事项。"

然而,并购交易的诱惑可能难以抗拒。由于新金矿的稀缺性,生产商可能会寻求通过并购来补充因开采而持续减少的储量。分析师认为,类似Anglo American和Teck Resources最近全股票合并交易的模式可能成为未来并购的范本。

另一个股东担忧是高管薪酬问题。黄金矿业公司CEO的薪酬已经高于其他矿业公司高管,投资者担心他们可能会像过去一样试图攫取更多现金。

Paulson & Co合伙人、金矿商Perpetua Resources董事长Marcelo Kim承认这次情况有所改善,但仍警告避免过度行为:

"我希望没有人仅仅因为金价上涨就获得疯狂的薪酬包,因为他们与此毫无关系。"

风险提示及免责条款
市场有风险,投资需谨慎。本文不构成个人投资建议,也未考虑到个别用户特殊的投资目标、财务状况或需要。用户应考虑本文中的任何意见、观点或结论是否符合其特定状况。据此投资,责任自负。

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