比特币矿企股价飙升,AI数据中心成新增长引擎

华尔街日报Published on 2025-10-07Last updated on 2025-10-07

比特币矿企正在迎来双重利好,其股价因加密货币价格上涨和向人工智能(AI)基础设施的战略转型而飙升,这不仅提振了短期市场情绪,更可能从根本上重塑其长期投资价值。

受比特币价格近期高点以及业务多元化消息的提振,多家比特币矿企股票在周二盘前交易中大幅上涨。其中,Bitfarms和Iren领涨,涨幅分别达到11.85%和11.60%;Hive Digital Technologies上涨6.82%,TeraWulf上涨3.68%,CleanSpark和BitFuFu也录得不同程度的涨幅。

这一轮上涨的直接驱动力显而易见。一方面,比特币价格的走强直接提升了矿企挖矿业务的盈利能力和资产价值。另一方面,市场愈发关注这些公司向AI数据中心领域的拓展,这为它们开辟了独立于加密货币周期的新增长曲线。

这一战略转型正获得华尔街的密切关注。分析认为,比特币矿企拥有的现成电力和基础设施,使其在满足AI行业爆炸性电力需求方面具有独特优势。这种转变可能引发对这些公司价值的重估,使其从单纯的加密货币概念股,转变为关键的数字基础设施提供商。

AI电力瓶颈凸显矿企独特价值

人工智能的爆发式增长正带来对电力的空前渴求,而电力供应已成为该行业发展的硬约束。摩根士丹利在一份研究报告中指出,预计到2025至2028年间,仅美国就将面临高达45吉瓦(GW)的数据中心电力缺口。

报告分析,新建电力项目从审批到并网通常需要数年时间,难以满足AI行业迫在眉睫的需求。“获取电力”已成为数据中心项目延期的首要原因。在此背景下,比特币矿企的独特价值得以凸显。它们拥有AI公司最看重的核心资产:已获批的电网连接和大规模电力供应能力,可以绕开耗时数年的审批流程。

摩根士丹利认为,对于寻求快速部署算力的AI公司而言,比特币矿企是“最快获得电力、执行风险最低”的选择。

被低估的“电力资产”:估值重构潜力巨大

目前,许多比特币矿企的估值逻辑仍主要基于其挖矿业务,但市场可能低估了其作为“电力资产”的内在价值。摩根士丹利强调,“企业价值/瓦特”(EV/Watt)是评估此类公司价值的一个关键但被市场忽视的指标。

数据显示,美国比特币矿企拥有约6.3吉瓦已投入运营的大型站点,另有2.5吉瓦在建产能。报告指出,许多矿企当前的“企业价值/瓦特”远低于其作为数据中心基础设施的潜在价值,这为投资者提供了一个显著的价值错配和潜在的Alpha机会。

将这些站点改造为AI数据中心,其建设周期与比特币站点完善电力基础设施的时间线可以很好地契合,为AI公司提供了现成的解决方案。

从挖矿到算力基建:价值创造模型解析

将比特币矿场改造为高性能计算(HPC)数据中心,能够创造巨大的经济价值。摩根士丹利通过一个价值创造模型进行了测算,该模型假设一家矿企将一个100兆瓦的站点改建成一个“带电外壳”数据中心(即提供场地、电力和冷却,但不含芯片和服务器),然后长期租赁给客户。

分析显示,若租户为大型云服务商(Hyperscaler),该项目可创造约5.19美元/瓦的股权价值;若租户为新兴云服务商(Neocloud),可创造的股权价值更高,达到约7.81美元/瓦。

报告指出,这个约5至8美元/瓦的价值创造潜力,远高于目前许多比特币矿业股的交易水平。此外,这种业务模式通常采用项目融资,杠杆率高,同时避免了直接持有芯片所带来的技术和商业风险,对各方都具有吸引力。

风险提示及免责条款
市场有风险,投资需谨慎。本文不构成个人投资建议,也未考虑到个别用户特殊的投资目标、财务状况或需要。用户应考虑本文中的任何意见、观点或结论是否符合其特定状况。据此投资,责任自负。

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