美SEC新规后决策日期“失效”:五大候选谁将通关10月加密ETF

marsbitPublished on 2025-10-03Last updated on 2025-10-04

在本轮加密牛市的众多催化剂中,ETF 特别是现货比特币和以太坊 ETF,作为一种革命性的金融工具,显著降低了投资加密货币的门槛,扮演了关键的“资金桥梁”角色。自比特币现货 ETF 于 2024 年初获批以来,整个行业已累计吸引上千亿美元的机构资金流入,推动比特币价格从 6 万美元飙升至当前约 11.35 万美元。

截至目前,美国证券交易委员会(SEC)有 92 只加密现货 ETF(包括单一资产和指数型)处于排队审批状态。其中,单一资产 ETF 约占 69 只,涵盖 24 种不同币种。这些申请主要来自 Grayscale、VanEck 等机构,最终决策截止日期大多在 10 月。

在此背景下,美国证券交易委员会(SEC)近日批准了一项提案,加密现货 ETF 的上市方式出现了根本性变革。因而 10 月的批准情况不仅将成为加密 ETF 浪潮的转折点,也将折射出本轮牛市的未来走向。


美国 SEC 批准变更提案,从“个案审批”到“标准通关”

9 月 7 日,美国 SEC 批准了三大交易所(Nasdaq、Cboe BZX 和 NYSE Arca)提出的规则变更,引入了“Commodity-Based Trust Shares”(商品型信托份额)的通用上市标准。该标准主要针对持有现货商品(包括数字资产)的交易所交易产品(ETP),取代逐案审查的繁琐程序,旨在简化上市流程。

美国 SEC 主席对此文件表示,这些变化标志着 SEC 对数字资产 ETP 的监管从“谨慎逐案”转向“标准化高效”,旨在“最大化投资者选择并促进创新”。

新规定的核心内容如下:

SEC

该规定提出了三种上市路径:

  1. 商品在 Intermarket Surveillance Group(ISG)成员市场交易,且有市场监视共享协议。
  2. 商品期货在 CFTC 监管的 DCM 上市至少 6 个月,并有监视共享协议。
  3. 若现有 ETF 在美国全国性证券交易所上市,且其至少 40% 资产配置于该商品,新 ETP 可豁免部分要求。

简而言之,新规为符合特定条件的加密资产 ETF 开辟了一条“快车道”。基于上述三个路径,10 月份或将是首批新 ETF 上市的“爆发期”,重点针对已有 CFTC 监管期货合约 6 个月以上的资产。


原有决策日期“失效”,ETF 发行方“站在同一起跑线”

新标准的生效直接影响了原本已在排队等候的 ETF 申请。9 月 29 日,美国 SEC 要求 LTC、XRP、SOL、ADA、DOGE 现货 ETF 发行方撤回 19b-4 申报文件,发行方需按新标准推进上市,撤回申请可能最早于本周开始。此次撤回并非意味着 ETF 申请被彻底否决,而是转向更高效的监管路径。

值得注意的是,撤回 19b-4 申报后,其原有的决定日期(通常指 SEC 对申报的最终裁决截止期限,如提交后 240 天内)或许不再具有参考价值。在新规则下,SEC 可能无需严格的截止日期,而是基于通用上市标准快速评估。

对于 ETF 究竟何时能获批,尽管发行方需要根据新通用规则重新提交或调整申请,这可能涉及额外行政工作和短暂延迟,但多数人士对此持乐观态度,认为批准速度可能“异常迅速”,类似于 ETH ETF 从撤回到批准仅用数周的时间,即有望在 10 月份获批。

加密记者 Eleanor Terrett 发文分析称,“只要代币符合现有标准,SEC 只需提交的 S-1 文件即可随时批准加密货币 ETF。因此,即使这些单个 ETF 的截止日期迫在眉睫,SEC 理论上也可以随时对其中任何或所有 ETF 做出决定”。

不过,彭博 ETF 分析师 James Seyffart 提醒道,“一切都充满不确定性。再加上政府关门的可能性,情况可能会变得非常不稳定”。

目前虽然尚不清楚 SEC 将以多快的速度处理 S-1 申请,消除了原有决定日期的预测性,但这一变化优化了流程,为后续更多加密货币 ETF 进入市场减少了延迟。


五大候选谁将领跑 ETF 竞赛?

虽然此前排队等候的 ETF 申请重回“起跑线”,但目前 SEC 要求发行方撤回的申请仅涉及 LTC、XRP、SOL、ADA、DOGE,或预示着首批获准的 ETF 将从中产生(或全部获批)。

1. XRP ETFs

XRP ETF 是 10 月最受瞩目的焦点,目前有 7 只 XRP ETF 的申请,包括 Bitwise、21Shares、Canary、Grayscale 等机构,此前有 6 个申请挤在 10 月 18-25 日窗口,Franklin Templeton 的申请被推迟至最晚 11 月 14 日做决定。

XRP 现货 ETF 申请于 2025 年 1 月提交,Ripple 诉讼缓解后 SEC 于 7 月开放评论,XRP 期货已在 CME 上市超一年,符合新规条件。此前彭博分析师 James Seyffart 和 Eric Balchunas 将 XRP 现货 ETF 的获批概率上调至 95%。这一高概率的预测源于 SEC 对申请文件的参与增加,分析师认为这种交流程度是一个“明确的绿灯”。

此外,XRP 的一个关键优势在于它已被监管机构视为商品,极大的减少了其 ETF 的申请障碍。

2. SOL ETFs

SOL 现货 ETF 是目前最受关注的申请之一,有 7 家大型机构参与其中,包括 VanEck 、21Shares、Bitwise、Franklin Templeton 等。

9 月 27 日,包括 Fidelity、Franklin Templeton、CoinShares、Bitwise、Grayscale、Canary Capital 和 VanEck 等资产管理公司,陆续向美国 SEC 递交最新版本的 S-1 表格。这些修订文件都围绕在 Solana ETF 的质押操作细节。

SEC 要求发行方撤回 19b-4 申报文件后,彭博 ETF 分析师 Eric Balchunas 将 SOL ETF 获批的几率从 95% 提高至 100%。其表示:“说实话,现在获批概率真的就是100%了……通用上市标准让 19b-4 表格变得毫无意义。现在就只剩下 S-1 表格相关事宜了,SOL ETF 随时可能获批”。

但值得一提的是,BlackRock(比特币和以太坊 ETF 的最大发行方)尚未提交 Solana ETF 申请,这可能反映出其对 Solana 监管风险的谨慎态度。

3. LTC ETFs

作为加密市场上运行时间最长的代币之一,LTC 自 2011 年推出以来一直保持较高的安全性和去中心化程度。目前有三只 Litecoin ETF 的申请,包括 Canary Litecoin ETF、Grayscale Litecoin Trust ETF 和 CoinShares Litecoin ETF。

此前 Litecoin ETF 的 10 月 10 日截止日期使其成为“开门红”候选。虽然原有决定日期的“失效”,Litecoin ETF 率先获批的可能性有所下降,但 LTC 长期的市场稳定性、较强的合规性以及与比特币相似的技术架构,使其仍有极大概率在首批上市。

此外,Litecoin 并未像 XRP 或 SOL 那样曾被 SEC 认定为证券,更接近于比特币的商品属性,显著降低了监管上的障碍。

4. Cardano (ADA) ETF

Grayscale 的 Cardano Trust 计划转换为 ETF,该 ETF 的 S-1 文件于 8 月注册,此前最终截止日期定于 10 月 26 日。Cardano 以学术基础和可持续性闻名,若该现货型 ETF 获批,将是首个非 ETH PoS 平台产品。值得注意的是,Grayscale 的 GDLC(数字大型股基金)已于 7 月 1 日获批,其中包括 ADA,进一步提升了 ADA ETF 获批概率。

5. DOGE ETFs

目前有三只 DOGE ETF 的申请,包括 Bitwise、Grayscale 和 21Shares。此前 SEC 最晚将在 10 月 12 日前作出裁定。DOGE 现货 ETF 获批,将成为第一个 Meme ETF。


结语

10 月的关键窗口期无论最终结果如何,都将成为加密 ETF 史上重要转折点,它不仅会影响相关加密货币的价格,更会决定机构资金流入加密货币的规模和速度。加密市场正在走向成熟,而 10 月的 ETF 决策可能是其进一步获得主流认可的关键一环。

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