StarkWare анонсировала облегченную верификацию Bitcoin для мобильных устройств

cryptonews.ruPublished on 2025-07-10Last updated on 2025-09-11

Компания StarkWare, специализирующаяся на технологии с нулевым разглашением, представила метод ZK-верификации блокчейна Bitcoin, адаптированный для работы на мобильных устройствах. Доказательство содержит все заголовки блоков Bitcoin с момента создания сети, но не требует загрузки полной истории блокчейна, объем которой превышает 680 ГБ.

Заголовок каждого блока включает номер версии программного обеспечения Bitcoin, ссылку на предыдущий блок в цепочке, временную метку, размер блока и одноразовый код, который майнеры должны найти для добавления блока в реестр. Размер доказательства BTC-реестра от StarkWare составляет всего 1 МБ, что позволяет пользователям проверять транзакции менее чем за 100 миллисекунд, как сообщил Абдельхамид Бахта, руководитель экосистемы компании.


Иллюстрированная модель SPV, описанная в документе Сатоши о Bitcoin. Источник: Институт Накамото

Решение основано на концепции упрощенной проверки платежей, описанной в документе Сатоши Накамото. Эта концепция позволяет легким узлам проверять платежи без необходимости загрузки полного реестра. Разработка StarkWare важна тем, что она позволяет любому пользователю проверять платежи Bitcoin без запуска полноценного узла, стоимость которого может достигать $1000 и который требует технических знаний для установки.

Требования к хранилищу узлов и размеру реестра становятся предметом споров в сообществе BTC

Запуск узла Bitcoin остается относительно более простым по сравнению с другими блокчейн-сетями, для которых могут потребоваться десятки тысяч долларов инвестиций. Узлы Bitcoin способны работать на обычных персональных компьютерах благодаря относительной простоте протокола, который сгенерировал 680 ГБ данных с 2009 года.


Количество узлов Bitcoin неуклонно растёт с 2015 года. Источник: Coin Dance.

Эта простота и доступные требования к оборудованию играют ключевую роль в сохранении децентрализации протокола и поддержании механизма консенсуса Bitcoin, который обеспечивается независимыми владельцами узлов. Если узлы становятся слишком дорогими из-за растущих требований к оборудованию, сеть рискует централизоваться под управлением крупных поставщиков услуг, что противоречит фундаментальным принципам Bitcoin.

Критики указывают, что надписи, порядковые номера и другие формы хранения неденежных данных в блокчейне создают риск централизации. Они увеличивают размер реестра и вынуждают операторов узлов хранить значительные объемы данных, не связанных с денежными операциями.

В мае разработчики Bitcoin Core, программного обеспечения, используемого примерно 80% владельцев узлов, объявили о предстоящем обновлении. Bitcoin Core 30, выход которого запланирован на октябрь, устранит ограничение OP_Return, которое ограничивает объем неденежных данных, встраиваемых в транзакции Bitcoin.


Разделение различных реализаций программного обеспечения узла Bitcoin. Источник Coin Dance

Текущее ограничение OP_Return составляет 80 байт, что недостаточно для хранения большинства современных изображений и мультимедийного контента. Предложенное изменение вызвало исторический всплеск популярности Bitcoin Knots — альтернативного программного обеспечения для узлов, предлагающего больше настраиваемых параметров. Владельцы узлов Knots могут ограничивать объем данных OP_Return, которые они хранят в своих пулах памяти и передают другим узлам.

В 2025 году на узлы Knots приходится почти 20% сети — это практически вертикальный рост по сравнению с концом 2024 года, когда их доля составляла около 1% от общего рынка.

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