8月重挫17%,“比特币持仓溢价”抹去大半,“数字币财库龙头”MSTR面临考验

华尔街日报Published on 2025-08-31Last updated on 2025-09-08

作为“比特币财库公司”模式的开创者,Strategy(原MicroStrategy,MSTR)正在经历一次前所未有的市场考验。

8月份,Strategy股价累计下跌16.8%,抹去了公司长期相较于其比特币持仓所享有的大部分溢价。

市场的担忧主要来自Strategy融资策略的突然转变。公司原计划通过优先股募资购买比特币,但近期仅筹集了4700万美元,远低于预期。为弥补不足,Strategy重启了普通股发行计划,违背了此前限制稀释的承诺

这一战略反转不仅打击了投资者信心,也对整个比特币财库模式构成威胁。目前,仿效Strategy模式的企业财库总计持有超过1080亿美元比特币,占总供应量的4.7%。若Strategy的溢价优势崩塌,这一模式的可持续性将受到全面质疑。

“财库模式”的破局

Strategy的商业逻辑一度被视为华尔街的创新案例:通过发行债券和股票融资购入比特币,再依赖市场给予的溢价不断滚动扩张。

这一模式在2020年开启后,迅速点燃了企业财务配置数字资产的潮流。截至目前,全球已有逾百家公司效仿,合计持有约1080亿美元的比特币,占流通总量的4.7%。

而如今,这套模式正在遭遇逆风。

7月底,Strategy承诺,除特殊情况外,不会在比特币持仓倍数(mNAV)倍数低于2.5的情况下发行股票。但仅两周后,这一指导方针就被放宽,8月25日,公司又发行了近90万股新股。

该“食言”举动彻底引发了投资者的信任危机,进一步压低了溢价。

Strategy的股价已不再与其软件业务相关,而是锚定于mNAV。过去,这一倍数曾因市场波动在危机与牛市间反复起伏,例如Terra-Luna暴雷期间大幅收缩,而特朗普连任后曾回升至3.4倍。如今,mNAV已降至1.57倍,且下跌发生在比特币依然强势的行情中,显示市场对“财库模式”本身的信心正在动摇。

分析人士指出,当公司选择在mNAV低位继续增发股份时,可能触发“负向飞轮”:股价下跌削弱购币能力,进一步侵蚀市场信心,导致溢价加速压缩。

据Wintermute场外交易台首席分析师Jake Ostrovskis表示:“溢价下降是对竞争和获取数字资产敞口的替代方式的自然反应。此外,收回关于在2.5倍mNAV以下不发行股票的指导,迫使市场短期重新评估公司战略。”

比特币现货ETF崛起,多元资产分流,比特币财库企业普遍承压

不仅是Strategy,比特币财库企业普遍面临压力。

根据Capriole Investments数据,近三分之一将比特币纳入资产负债表的上市公司,其股票交易价格现已低于这些储备的价值。小型企业尤为脆弱:流动性限制使股票发行更加痛苦,而对可转换债券的依赖带来利息负担和到期风险。

Capriole创始人Charles Edwards表示:“如果比特币下跌50%会发生什么?对财库公司的热情将减弱,mNAV将压缩,数百家公司将开始质疑其财库策略。”

另一挑战来自现货比特币ETF的兴起。最初,Strategy们和现货ETF都受益于美国大选后的比特币价格反弹,但由于基金提供比特币敞口,而没有与公司治理、杠杆或稀释相关的风险,比特币财库企业的相对优势越来越弱。

同时,关注点正在转向以太币和索拉纳等其他数字资产,一些人认为这些资产更适合去中心化金融。仅以以太币为重点的财库就已投入超过190亿美元。

尽管比特币本身已从本月早些时候创下的高点回落,但仍受到机构配置的支撑。许多较新的财库公司在10万美元以上买入,如果市场转向,缺乏维持它们的基础业务。

美国大学法学教授Hilary Allen指出:“除了情绪之外,比特币背后什么都没有。”

风险提示及免责条款
市场有风险,投资需谨慎。本文不构成个人投资建议,也未考虑到个别用户特殊的投资目标、财务状况或需要。用户应考虑本文中的任何意见、观点或结论是否符合其特定状况。据此投资,责任自负。

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