探讨币股债:关于杠杆循环的深度分析

深潮Published on 2025-09-04Last updated on 2025-09-05

币股债互为支柱,黄金、BTC 共同支撑美债作为抵押品,稳定币支撑美元全球采用率,让去杠杆的过程损失更加社会化。

作者:佐爷

周期源于杠杆,从速生速死的 Meme 币,到 80 年的技术康波,人类总能找到某种力量、信念或者组织方式去创造更多财富,我们简略回顾下当前的历史坐标,用以框定币股债的交织为何重要。

自 15 世纪末地理大发现以来,资本主义核心经济体呈现出如下变化:

• 西班牙和葡萄牙——实物金银+残暴殖民种植园

• 荷兰——股票+公司制(荷兰东印度公司)

• 英国——金本位+殖民地剪刀差(武力统治+制度设计+帝国特惠制)

• 美国——美元+美债+军事据点(放弃直接殖民,控制重要据点)

需要注意,后来者会吸纳前者的优缺点,比如英国也会采用公司制和股票制,美国也会进行武力统治,这里是突出新霸主的创新点,基于以上事实,可以发现经典资本主义运行轨迹两大特点:

• 霸权柯普定律:如同动物在演化中有变大的趋势,核心经济体的规模会越来越大(荷兰->英国->美国)

• 经济债务周期:实物资产和商品生产会让位于金融,一个经典资本主义强国轨迹,就是靠新金融创新集资谋利过程

• 杠杆最终崩溃:从荷兰的股票到华尔街的金融衍生品,回报率压力让抵押品黯然失色,债务无法出清,新生经济体取而代之

美国已经处于全球统治的极限规模,接下来会是“你中有我,我中有你”的漫长结尾时刻。

美债最终会不可控,如同布尔战争之后的大英帝国,但是要维持体面结束,需要币股债等延长债务崩盘倒计时的金融产品。

币股债互为支柱,黄金、BTC 共同支撑美债作为抵押品,稳定币支撑美元全球采用率,让去杠杆的过程损失更加社会化。

币股债 6 种结合方式

使人快乐的一切,无非梦幻。

变得更大和复杂,是一切金融工具乃至生物体的自然规律,当某个物种进入极盛期,随之而来的便是无序内卷,越来越繁复的角、羽毛,都是求偶难度增高的反应。

代币经济学起自比特币,无中生有打造链上金融体系,2 万亿美元的 BTC 市值,相比于近 40 万亿美元的美债规模,注定只能起到缓解作用,瑞·达利欧频繁喊单黄金对冲美元与之同理。

股票市场流动性成为代币新支柱,Pre IPO 市场化出现代币化可能,股票上链也成为电子化之后的新载体,而 DAT(财库)战略更是 2025 上半年主轴。

不过要注意,美债的链上化不必多言,但是基于代币发债,以及公司债等上链还处于尝试期,但终于开始小规模实践。

图片说明:ETF 数量增长

图片来源:@MarketCharts

稳定币成为独立叙事,代币化基金、债务会成为 RWA新的同义词,而指数基金,锚定更多币股债概念的综合 ETF 也开始有资金进入,传统的 ETF/指数吞噬流动性的故事会在币圈再次上演吗?

我们无法对此进行判断,但是山寨币 DAT 和质押型 ETF 等形式已经宣告杠杆的上升周期正式出现。

图片说明:币股债结合形式

图片来源:@zuoyeweb3

代币作为抵押物,在 DeFi 和传统金融领域都日益乏力,链上需要 USDC/USDT/USDS,它们某种形式上都是美债的变体罢了,链下需要稳定币成为新风尚,在此之前,ETF 和 RWA 都已经做出自己的实践。

总结一下,市场大致出现 6 种币股债结合方式:

• ETF(期货、现货、质押、通用)

• 币股(金融化手段改造链上用途)

• 币企 IPO(Circle 代表稳定币趋势阶段性“硬顶”)

• DAT(MSTR 币股债 v.s ETH 币股 v.s ENA/SOL/BNB/HYPE 币)

• 代币化美债、基金(Ondo RWA 主题)

• Pre IPO 市场代币化(未起量,危险沉寂周期,链上改造传统金融)

杠杆周期的结束和退出时机无法预测,但可以勾勒周期的基本面貌。

理论上,当山寨币 DAT 出现时,已经是长周期的顶部,但是如同 BTC 能横盘 10 万美元附近,美元/美债决定彻底虚拟化,释放的动量需要市场长时间去消化,这种消化动辄以 30 年计算:布尔战争到英国放弃金本位(1931-1902=29)、布雷顿森林体系(1973-1944=29)。

一万年太久,只争朝夕,至少在 2026 中期选举前,Crypto还有一年好时光。

图片说明:币股债市场现状

图片来源:@zuoyeweb3

统计当前的市场结构,币企 IPO 属于最高端、最小众赛道,仅有极少数币企能完成美股 IPO,这也说明,将自身作为资产售出难度最高。

退而求其次,围绕已有优质资产进行再销售会较为简单,比如贝莱德在现货 BTC 和 ETH ETF 领域已经成为无可争议的巨头,更新的质押型 ETF 和通用型 ETF 会成为竞赛新高低。

再其次,DAT(财库)策略(Strategy)公司一骑绝尘,也是唯一完成币股债三方轮动的玩家,即基于 BTC 可以发债,进而支撑股价,空余资金继续买入 BTC,说明市场认可 BTC 作为抵押物的安全性,也认可 Strategy 本身“代表” BTC 的资产价值。

ETH 财库公司领域的 BitMine 和 Sharplink 等充其量只完成币股联动,他们没有说服市场基于自身发债的实力(不计算买币时资本运作而发债的部分),即市场部分认可 ETH 的价值,但是不认可 ETH 财库公司自身的价值,mNAV 低于 1(股价总值低于持有资产价值)只是结果。

但是只要 ETH 的价值被普遍认可,那么高杠杆竞赛就会产出赢家,最终跌穿的只是长尾财库公司,剩下的取得 ETH 的代表性,加/去杠杆周期后就是赢家。

之后的代币化股票目前规模比不上 DAT 和 IPO 或 ETF,反而最有应用前景,现在的股票是电子化形式,存储在各类服务器,未来的股票会直接在链上流通,股票就是代币,代币会是任意资产,Robinhood 自建 ETH L2,xStocks 来到以太坊和 Solana,SuperState 的 Opening Bell 帮助 Galaxy 代币化股票至 Solana。

未来的代币化股票会在以太坊和 Solana 之间进行对决,但是该场景想象空间也最低,更突出技术服务色彩,代表市场对区块链技术的认可,但是资产捕捉能力会传导至 $ETH 或者 $SOL。

代币化美债、基金领域隐约有成为 Ondo 单机服玩家趋势,原因在于美债和稳定币的结合分流,RWA 的未来需要开拓更多非美债领域,如同非美元稳定币,长期来看市场规模巨大,但是会一直是长期。

最后,Pre IPO 采用两种方式,第一是先集资后买股权,第二是先买股权再代币化分发,当然 xStocks 属于二级股票市场和 Pre IPO 都在做,不过核心思路都是将未公开的市场代币化激励,进而刺激非公开市场的公开化,注意这个表述,这就是稳定币的扩张之路。

但是在当前的法律框架下,还会不会留给监管套利的空间,只能说有预期,不过要经过相当长的磨合,Pre IPO 不会很快公开化,Pre IPO 的核心是资产定价权问题,这根本不是技术问题,华尔街众多分销商会全力阻止。

与之不同,股票代币化的权益分发和激励分发可以解耦,“币圈的人不在乎权益,更在乎激励”,至于股权所得报税等监管问题,在全球已经早有实践,链上化不是阻碍。

对比一下,Pre IPO 会涉及华尔街的定价权,股票代币化会放大华尔街收益,分发渠道和更多流动性进入,这是完全不同的两种情况。

上升周期趋同,下跌周期倾轧

所谓的杠杆周期,是一个自我实现的预言,任何好消息都值得涨两次,不断刺激杠杆升高,但是机构交叉持有不同抵押品,在下跌周期,会优先卖出次级币种,逃向安全抵押品,散户行动不自由,最终主动或被动吃下所有损失。

当马云买入 ETH,华兴资本购入 BNB,招银国际发行 Solana 代币化基金,一个新时代走入我们的时代:全球经济体凭借区块链保持通联。

美国是柯普定律下的极限,已经是成本最低、效率最高的统治模式,但是面临极端复杂的互相交织局面,新时代的门罗主义并不符合客观经济规律,互联网可以分割,但是区块链却奇妙天然一体,任意 L2、节点和资产都可在以太坊融为一体。

从更有机的视角,币股债的结合是庄家和散户换筹过程,和“比特币涨,山寨币涨幅跟不上,比特币跌,山寨币跌幅更深”原理类似,只不过后者更常见于链上生态。

我们来论述下这个过程:

1. 上升期,机构依靠杠杆率逃向抵押品价格较低的高波动率资产,下跌期,机构会优先卖出山寨资产保持高价值资产持仓;

2. 散户的过程与之相反,在上升期,散户会更多卖出 BTC/ETH 和稳定币去买入高波动性资产,但是受限于资金整体规模,一旦行情转熊,散户便需要进一步卖出 BTC/ETH 和稳定币维持山寨币高杠杆;

3. 机构天然可以接受更大回撤力度,散户的高价值资产会售出给他们,而散户维持杠杆的行为也会增加机构的耐受力,进而散户需要继续卖出资产;

4. 周期的结束,以杠杆的崩溃为标志。如果散户无力维持杠杆,整个周期结束,如果机构崩盘,引起系统性危机,那么依然是散户遭受最大亏损,因为此时的高价值资产已经陆续输送给其他机构;

5. 对于机构来说,损失一定会社会化,对于散户而言,杠杆是自己的绞索,还得付费给机构,唯一的希望是跑在其他机构和散户之前,难度不亚于登月。

抵押品的分级和评估只是表象,核心是根据对抵押品的预期为杠杆率定价。

这个过程对于解释山寨币总会跌的更惨还有不足,可以继续补充,散户会比发行方更渴望杠杆率上升,也就是说散户希望每个资产对都是 125x,但是在下行周期,市场的实际对手盘会成为散户自己,机构往往有更多的资产配置更复杂的对冲策略,这部分也需要由散户来承担。

可以总结下,币股债让杠杆率和波动率同频,代币、股票和债务,我们用金融工程的视角潜入,假想一个部分基于美债的、采用德尔塔中性的混合稳定币,可以让一份稳定币串联起币股债三者形式,此时市场的波动性才能让对冲机制生效,甚至获利更多,即同频上升。

ENA/USDe 已经部分具备这个特点,我们来大胆预测下去杠杆周期的运动轨迹,越高的杠杆会吸引更多的 TVL 和散户交易,最终波动率会达到临界点,项目方会优先保护 USDe 锚定率,放弃 ENA 币价,随后 DAT 公司股价会下跌,机构优先撤出,散户最终接盘。

随后更可怕的多重杠杆周期会出现,ENA 财库出资人会抛售股票,以维持自身在 ETH 和 BTC 财库公司的价值,但是总会有公司无法维持,缓慢暴雷,先是小币种 DAT 被爆破,进而大币种小 DAT 公司被爆破,最终市场风声鹤唳,观测 Strategy 的风吹草动。

币股债模型下,美股市场成为最终流动性来源,最终在也会在联动效应下被击穿,这并不是危言耸听,美股有监管依然挡不住 LTCM 量化危机,现在川普带领大家一起发币,我不认为有人能阻止币股债联动的大爆发。

全球经济体在区块链上联通,一并殉爆。

此时反方向运动,一切还残存流动性的地方,无论链上链下,无论币股债 6 种方式,都会成为寻求退出的机会窗口,最可怕的是链上没有美联储,最终流动性提供人缺位,只能让市场跌无可跌,最终热寂。

一切都会结束,一切都会开始。

漫长的“阵痛期”后,散户依靠送外卖逐步积攒起购买 BTC/ETH/稳定币的星星之火,送给机构的燎原新概念,一个崭新的周期重新开始,在消除金融魔法后,在债务出清后,依然会需要真实劳动创造的价值为一切画上句号。

可能读者会注意到,为什么不谈论稳定币周期呢?

因为稳定币本身就是周期的外在形式,BTC/黄金支撑摇摇欲坠的美债,稳定币支撑美元全球采用率。稳定币无法自成周期,必须和更底层资产耦合,才能具备真实收益能力,只不过稳定币会绕过美债,更多锚定 BTC/黄金等更安全的资产,如此,会让周期杠杆曲线更缓和。

结语

从六经注我,到我注六经。

链上借贷未涉足,DeFi 和 CeFi 的融合确实在进行,但是和币股关系不是很大,DAT 涉及一些,未来留给机构借贷和信用模式等文章补足。

重在考察币股债之间的结构关系,以及会创造出什么新品种和新方向,ETF 已经固化,DAT 还在厮杀,稳定币大规模扩展,链上和链下机会最大,币股和 Pre IPO 潜力无限,但是很难通过兼容方式改造传统金融,没有搭建出自身的内循环体系。

币股、Pre IPO 需要解决权益问题,但是“用解决权益的方式”无法解决,必须制造经济效应,才能冲破监管,面向监管只会陷入官僚主义的桎梏,看看稳定币的历程最为明显,农村包围城市最有效。

币企 IPO 是传统金融对加密货币的赎买和定价过程,之后会越来越平淡,要上市就尽早,概念占完就是量化估值,一如 Fintech 和制造业,想象空间会随上市数量逐步降低。

代币化美债(基金)长线布局,很难有超额利润,跟散户也没啥关系,更凸出对区块链的技术性使用。

本文主要是静态宏观框架,动态数据不足,比如彼得·蒂尔在各个 DAT 和 ETF 的配资、投资等参与情况。

以及杠杆撤出时,巨鲸和散户是反向运动,巨鲸会优先售出次级资产,保留核心资产,散户必须出售核心资产维持次级资产杠杆,也就是比特币涨,山寨不一定涨,但是比特币跌,山寨币一定会大跌,这些都需要数据来说明,但是目前力有不逮,只能先搭个静态框架理清思路。

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Notable aspects include: Blockchain Infrastructure: The token is built on the Solana blockchain, known for its capacity to handle high-speed and low-cost transactions. Supply Dynamics: DIGITAL GOLD has a maximum supply capped at 100 quadrillion tokens (100P $BITCOIN), although details regarding its circulating supply are currently undisclosed. Utility: While precise functionalities are not explicitly outlined, there are indications that the token could be utilized for various applications, potentially involving decentralized applications (dApps) or asset tokenization strategies. Who is the Creator of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? At present, the identity of the creators and development team behind DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) remains unknown. This situation is typical among many innovative projects within the blockchain space, particularly those aligning with decentralized finance and meme coin phenomena. While such anonymity may foster a community-driven culture, it intensifies concerns about governance and accountability. Who are the Investors of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? The available information indicates that DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) does not have any known institutional backers or prominent venture capital investments. The project seems to operate on a peer-to-peer model focused on community support and adoption rather than traditional funding routes. Its activity and liquidity are primarily situated on decentralized exchanges (DEXs), such as PumpSwap, rather than established centralized trading platforms, further highlighting its grassroots approach. How DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) Works The operational mechanics of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) can be elaborated on based on its blockchain design and network attributes: Consensus Mechanism: By leveraging Solana’s unique proof-of-history (PoH) combined with a proof-of-stake (PoS) model, the project ensures efficient transaction validation contributing to the network's high performance. Tokenomics: While specific deflationary mechanisms have not been extensively detailed, the vast maximum token supply implies that it may cater to microtransactions or niche use cases that are still to be defined. Interoperability: There exists the potential for integration with Solana’s broader ecosystem, including various decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms. However, the details regarding specific integrations remain unspecified. Timeline of Key Events Here is a timeline that highlights significant milestones concerning DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN): 2023: The initial deployment of the token occurs on the Solana blockchain, marked by its contract address. 2024: DIGITAL GOLD gains visibility as it becomes available for trading on decentralized exchanges like PumpSwap, allowing users to trade it against SOL. 2025: The project witnesses sporadic trading activity and potential interest in community-led engagements, although no noteworthy partnerships or technical advancements have been documented as of yet. Critical Analysis Strengths Scalability: The underlying Solana infrastructure supports high transaction volumes, which could enhance the utility of $BITCOIN in various transaction scenarios. Accessibility: The potential low trading price per token could attract retail investors, facilitating wider participation due to fractional ownership opportunities. Risks Lack of Transparency: The absence of publicly known backers, developers, or an audit process may yield skepticism regarding the project's sustainability and trustworthiness. Market Volatility: The trading activity is heavily reliant on speculative behavior, which can result in significant price volatility and uncertainty for investors. Conclusion DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) emerges as an intriguing yet ambiguous project within the rapidly evolving Solana ecosystem. While it attempts to leverage the “digital gold” narrative, its departure from Bitcoin's established role as a store of value underscores the need for a clearer differentiation of its intended utility and governance structure. Future acceptance and adoption will likely depend on addressing the current opacity and defining its operational and economic strategies more explicitly. Note: This report encompasses synthesised information available as of October 2023, and developments may have transpired beyond the research period.

2.0k Total ViewsPublished 2025.05.13Updated 2025.05.13

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