9 万亿资金闯入加密:特朗普能否引爆一场「慢牛」长跑?

Foresight NewsPublished on 2025-08-08Last updated on 2026-06-01

Abstract

这是一场可能持续数年的长跑。

撰文:SoSoValue

8 月 7 日,特朗普一纸行政令,把美国最大的退休金池——401(k) 计划的投资菜单,从「传统三菜一汤」扩展到了「另类自助餐」,新菜包括私募股权、房地产,还有数字资产(比特币、以太坊等)。这可是历史首次,让高达 9 万亿美元、覆盖 9000 万美国人的长期资金可以开始接触加密市场。虽然这头「大象」真正迈进来,可能还要等半年到两年,但一旦它开始缓缓挪动脚步,这股稳定、持久的买盘,或许就是未来加密现货「慢牛」行情的源头活水。

什么是 401(k) 退休计划:雇主发起,雇员参与,自动扣钱,长期攒钱

401(k) 就是美国雇主帮员工开的一个长期养老储蓄账户,享有税收优惠。员工可以把一部分工资先不交税,直接存进这个账户投资,等退休了再取出来花。雇主会准备一份投资清单(一般有 20-30 只基金),员工自己决定投多少工资进去(比如 6%),再从清单里选基金、分配比例。工资会自动扣,雇主通常还会帮你「加码」——比如你投多少,他补一半,当作福利。

401(k) 计划的决策权:雇主说了算,还得当「稳妥的管家」

在 401(k) 里,雇主有很大的话语权,决定哪些基金能进清单,员工只能在清单里选,不能自己加菜。雇主在挑选基金公司或托管机构时,必须遵守「谨慎人原则」——也就是要像替自己家人理财一样小心。如果选错导致员工亏钱,雇主可能要承担法律责任。

401(k) 计划规模庞大:快到 9 万亿美元,9000 多万人参与

美国劳工部数据显示,2021 年 401(k) 总资产大约 8 万亿美元;美国投资公司协会的统计是,到 2025 年一季度,这个数字已经到了 8.7 万亿。白宫还透露,全美已有超过 9000 万人在用这个计划。

这次变化有多大?

历史首次:以前 401(k) 的投资清单里压根没加密资产,这次是政策首次打开大门。

潜在资金池:哪怕只有 2% 的 401(k) 资金流入加密,按 9 万亿算,就是 1700 亿美元的新买盘——而目前全球加密现货 ETF 和上市储备加起来也才 2600 亿美元。

市场影响:这样的长期资金一旦进场,足以改变加密市场结构——从短炒为主,变成更依赖长期资金的价格发现,形成稳步上涨的「慢牛」格局。

分析员观点:哪怕 401(k) 只掏出 2% 的零花钱,加密市场也能立马多出 1700 亿美元——这几乎相当于现有加密现货 ETF 和上市储备总盘子的三分之二。

资金落地还得走三步棋

先别急着欢呼,钱不会明天就砸进来,预计至少半年到两年的落地周期:

劳工部先出细则,明确 401(k) 怎么投另类资产、比例限制、产品披露等。

服务商设计符合规则的基金产品,把加密资产纳进去。

雇主决定要不要把这些新基金加入投资菜单,雇员再决定要不要配置

哪类加密资产最可能先上车?

加密现货 ETF 呼声最高,因为它们受 SEC 监管、合规性强、有稳定托管和估值机制,流动性也好。很可能被放进目标日期基金(TDF)或平衡型基金中,比例可能低于 5%,但影响依然巨大。

为什么这次和 2020 年不同?

2020 年,特朗普任内劳工部也放过类似「风声」,允许 401(k) 接触私募资产,但因为是部门自发行为,加上私募资产流动性差,最后雷声大雨点小。这次完全不同:

总统亲自签行政令,力度更高。

加密 ETF 流动性好,散户接受度高。

政策与财政部、SEC 等多方协调,是真正的顶层设计。

市场已经在反应

根据 SoSoValue 数据,配置前七大代币的 MAG7 指数代币,过去 24 小时涨幅近 5%,全年跑赢比特币 15.58 个百分点——说明资金还没来,市场的想象力已经先到了。

的加密雄心特朗普

行政令里还再次重申了他的口号——要让美国成为「世界加密之都」,并认为拥抱数字资产是推动经济增长和技术领先的必经之路。

一句话总结:这是一场可能持续数年的长跑。当 9 万亿美元的退休金大象,哪怕只是伸出一条腿踏进加密市场,也会让整个现货生态的地基发生改变。

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