埃隆・马斯克提出严峻问题:量子计算机能否破解比特币?

深潮Published on 2025-08-03Last updated on 2025-08-04

埃隆・马斯克就量子计算快速发展背景下比特币的长期安全性提出新疑问。

撰文:bitcoinist

编译:区块链骑士

埃隆・马斯克就量子计算快速发展背景下比特币的长期安全性提出新疑问。这位特斯拉和 SpaceX 的 CEO 通过其 AI 聊天机器人 Grok,探究比特币所采用的 SHA-256 哈希算法被强大量子计算机破解的可能性。

他提出这一问题之际,IBM 恰好公布了其下一代量子系统“Blue Jay”的重大计划,该系统预计到 2033 年将实现 2000 个全局量子比特。

根据 Grok 的分析,未来五年内量子计算机破解比特币加密的风险极低,AI 估算这一概率接近零。

但展望至 2035 年,概率会略有上升,不过仍将低于 10%。这些数据基于专家评估和当前量子计算能力得出。

“基于美国国家标准与技术研究院(NIST)、IBM 2025 年的评估及专家调查,量子计算机通过 Grover 算法(将原像搜索复杂度降至约 2^128 次运算)破解 SHA-256 的概率,未来 5 年接近 0%,2035 年前低于 10%。这需要数百万个纠错……”——Grok(@grok)2025 年 8 月 2 日

马斯克的担忧并非空穴来风。谷歌、微软等公司正研发各自的量子平台(Willow 和 Majorana 1),引发了关于比特币等加密货币未来是否可能遭受这些超强系统攻击的讨论。

目前,大多数量子系统仅拥有约 1000 个量子比特,远低于科学家认为破解比特币加密防御所需的数百万个纠错量子比特。

Grok 补充称,若未来有需要,可采用 SHA-3 或 SHA-512 等更强算法作为替代方案。

与此同时,全球审计公司 Deloitte 近期分析显示,量子计算机可能很快威胁比特币区块链的安全性,目前约 25% 的比特币面临被量子攻击窃取的风险。

分析师表示,最终量子计算机的算力可能强大到足以破解整个交易流程。为防范这一风险,比特币网络需采用后量子密码学。这是目前全球密码学家正在探索的新兴但复杂的解决方案。

IBM 的新系统“Blue Jay”将具备超过 10 亿次门运算能力,远超当前计算机的性能范畴。

这是该公司力争在 21 世纪 30 年代初跻身量子计算前沿的重要举措。随着谷歌、微软等行业巨头紧追不舍,竞争正日趋激烈。

马斯克的关注并非出于学术兴趣。特斯拉目前持有 11,500 枚比特币,按当前价格计算价值约 13 亿美元。SpaceX 也持有可观数量,据报道约合 8.5 亿美元比特币。马斯克本人已证实其个人投资组合中持有比特币。

鉴于这些持仓规模,难怪马斯克希望提前应对潜在威胁。他的推文看似轻松,却表明科技界对量子技术进步可能给加密货币及金融领域带来的影响日益关注。

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363 Total ViewsPublished 2025.05.13Updated 2025.05.13

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