MicroStrategy 财报创历史新高:零债务比特币储备模式难被复制

比推Published on 2025-08-04Last updated on 2025-08-04

原文作者:Steven Ehrlich,Unchained

原文编译:Saoirse,Foresight News

原标题:Strategy营收创新高,比特币策略如何避免被清算?


Strategy(MSTR)董事长 Michael Saylor 周五赢得了投资界的广泛赞誉,因其公司在上一季度创下了营业收入、净利润和每股收益的历史新高(见下图)。

事实上,该公司股价过去一年上涨了 166%,涨幅是同期比特币(BTC)的两倍。

(交易视图)

无论以何种标准衡量,这样的业绩都堪称卓越。尤其在众多模仿者纷纷涌入、可能分流投资者资金的背景下,这样的表现更显难得。

但这并不意味着 Strategy 可以固步自封。作为加密货币资金管理领域的领军者,它拥有一定特权,而如今似乎正准备充分利用这一优势。

比特币储备持续加码,策略却有新变化

截至本文撰写时,Strategy 持有 628,791 枚比特币,价值 719 亿美元。该公司通过多种方式积累了这一资产组合:发行普通股、多种类型的优先股(这类股票在未来几年可提供股息或转换权),以及可转换债券。各类优先股的具体明细见下图。

但现在,公司计划对融资方式进行重大调整——具体而言,是要彻底摆脱债务。尽管其资产负债表现状良好(根据财报,企业价值达 1260 亿美元,债务仅 82 亿美元),但公司仍希望将债务降至零。在 7 月 31 日财报发布后的投资者电话会议上,公司宣布计划赎回已发行的可转换债券,转而专注于多批次发行优先股。

这意味着其 63 亿美元的优先股发行规模有望大幅增长。事实上,在投资者说明会上,公司宣布计划通过最新的优先股产品 Stretch(STRC)再融资 42 亿美元,该产品的目标月收益率为 10%。

「这一决定体现了 Strategy 在资本市场融资能力的良性发展。可转换债券市场充斥着对冲基金和套利者,他们通过购买可转债建立对 Strategy 的多头头寸,但同时会通过大量做空股票(约 25%)来降低净风险敞口。也就是说,他们每买一份债券就会卖出大量股票,对 Strategy 其实只是轻度看多,」TD Cowen 董事总经理 Lance Vitanza 在接受《Unchained》采访时表示(完整讨论可在 X 平台或 YouTube 观看)。「几年前,可转债是公司最好的融资渠道。但随着 Strategy 的发展,他们已能进入优先股市场,这里的条款更优、增值潜力更大、定价效率更高。」

这一举措再次印证了为何 Saylor 在比特币社区被视为「半神」——他不仅因囤积比特币备受推崇,更因负责任的操作方式赢得尊重。除少数例外情况,他几乎从不通过杠杆融资,而是主要依赖股权市场。

尽管其稳健的资本结构已能避免强制清算(除非比特币价格暴跌 80% 以上),但 Saylor 仍在不断突破极限。

一直被模仿,从未被超越

但不要指望比特币、ETH、SOL、BNB 等领域的众多追随者会效仿这一做法。这些机构才刚刚起步,正如我在其他相关报道中所指出的,它们正急于通过竞争快速扩大规模。

这意味着它们会动用资本市场的所有工具:包括上市公司私募融资(PIPEs)、信贷额度,当然还有债务。

我在之前的报道中曾写道:「每种方式都各有利弊。私募融资能在短时间内筹集大量资金,有助于启动储备策略,但可能形成巨大的抛售压力。发行方也可选择向 SEC 注册股票后再发行,但融资周期更长。如今更多公司采用混合模式:三分之一资金来自私募融资,其余通过可转换债券或信贷工具筹集。这种方式虽能延缓抛售压力,却会增加资产负债表的杠杆,一旦价格暴跌就可能出问题。」

这意味着债务在融资时很实用:股东稀释可能在数年后才会显现,而且在当前的泡沫市场中,票面利率几乎为零。例如,比特币资金管理公司 Twenty One 在 5 月通过发行可转换债券融资 4.85 亿美元以启动其策略;Anthony Pompliano 6 月为其比特币资金管理公司 ProCap Financial 通过可转换债券融资 2.35 亿美元。

这本质上是一种「先买后付」的模式。

独一无二的存在

对投资者而言,这意味着他们需时刻谨记:在如今拥挤的加密货币资金管理领域,Strategy 仍是独角兽般的存在。目前,它是唯一能进入优先股市场的公司。其首次优先股发行就在今年 1 月,而未来的发行规模还将大幅扩大。

对其他公司而言,进入优先股市场并消除债务仍只是愿景。「这些公司大多会从可转换债券市场起步,希望其中一些能发展壮大,最终获得进入优先股市场的资格,」Vitanza 说。

说明: 比推所有文章只代表作者观点,不构成投资建议

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