波卡网络的共享安全性是什么?

Polkadot生态研究院Published on 2022-02-28Last updated on 2022-02-28

Abstract

在多链的区块链系统中,对于开发者和参与者来说,共享安全性是十分重要的。

“波卡知识图谱”是我们针对波卡从零到一的入门级文章,我们尝试从波卡最基础的部分讲起,为大家提供全方位了解波卡的内容,当然这是一项巨大的工程,也充满了挑战,然而我们希望通过这样的努力让大家能够正确认知波卡,也让不了解波卡的人方便快速掌握波卡相关知识,今天是该栏目的第33期,看看跨链项目波卡是如何实现其强大的共享安全性的。
2022年1月10日,跨链项目Cosmos 2022年路线图更新:将启用共享安全和流动质押功能。而其中的共享安全性是Cosmos开发公司Informal Systems于2021年2月宣布开发的一种跨链验证机制。
根据Cosmos计划起草的第2阶段白皮书,其提出了父子链共享安全性的机制,这种机制与波卡的共享安全性有所不同,通过各自链来维护和验证,链之间自由连接。而波卡是通过中继链来维护和验证其他平行链的交易,那究竟波卡的共享安全性是怎样的呢?
什么是共享安全性?
共享安全性,有时在文档中被称为集合安全,是考虑成为平行链并加入波卡网络的链的独特价值主张之一。在高层次上,共享安全意味着所有通过租赁平行链插槽连接到波卡中继链的平行链将受益于中继链验证者提供的经济安全。

波卡

为什么需要共享安全性?
一个多链的区块链系统,共享安全性是很有必要的。不同的区块链之间想要互相通信的话,就必须相互信任。
通常来说,使用其他权益证明系统,团队必须找到并引导他们的自己的验证者集,这增加了进入的门槛,也建立了在通信的链之间建立信任的必要性。
波卡上的共享安全意味着所有接入的区块链不需要经过中心主链就能够相互通信、相互信任。所有平行链之间的信任都是平等的,这不仅对开发者更加的便利,也使得区块链的使用场景更加的多样化。
其他
共享安全的概念不同于构建在桥架构上的链间协议。对于桥接协议,每个链被认为是独立的,并且必须维护自己的验证者集和经济安全性。这些协议中的一个关注点是关于安全的可扩展性。
例如,扩展区块链的一种建议是通过altcoin来扩大规模,这意味着随着更大的altcoin填满它们的区块,交易量将向下渗透到更低市值的altcoin。这种想法的一个主要缺陷是,市值较低的通证具有较少的经济安全性,更容易被攻击。

波卡

波卡克服了安全可扩展性的问题,因为它将所有的经济激励引向中继链,并允许平行链在创世时获得更强的保障。主权链必须花费更多的精力来增加他们通证的价值,以便能有足够地安全性来抵御资金充足的攻击者。
后记
通常来说,大多数平行链不需要为他们自己的安全性担心,因为所有的状态转换将由中继链验证者集来保证。
波卡共享安全性的设计通过从中继链提供安全服务,这为平行链开发者提供了更低的进入门槛,并简化了启动新平行链的过程
另一方面,共享安全性为平行链提供了一个相互交流的框架,最终会使得平行链专业化,而这也会在网络中产生网络效应。

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