把LST搬进华尔街:Solana ETF“质押外挂”大作战

Odaily星球日报Published on 2025-08-01Last updated on 2025-08-01

原创 | Odaily 星球日报(@OdailyChina

作者 | Ethan(@ethanzhang_web 3

今年 5 月 20 日,SEC 曾首次按下暂停键,要求21 Shares、Bitwise、VanEck 与 Canary Capital的现货 Solana ETF 再等等——理由是“需更多时间评估法律与政策问题”。

不到一个月,风向忽变。6 月 11 日,多位知情人士透露:SEC 已口头通知所有潜在发行人“下周内必须交修改版 S-1,30 天内给你们评论”,并点名要求补足“实物赎回”与“质押”描述——明确暗示“质押可以谈”;

很快,大型资管们集体响应:Franklin Templeton、Galaxy、Grayscale、VanEck、Fidelity等 6 家机构在 6 月 13-14 日递交了更新版 S-1;SEC 留痕文件里首次出现“Staked ETP”表述,质押成为章节标题之一。

6 月 16 日,CoinShares加入战局,成为第八家申报方;6 月 24 日,Grayscale在新版 S-1 里写下2.5% 管理费率,用“高费率+高品牌”赌自己能率先通关。

进入 7 月,SOL ETF 节奏明显加快:

  • 7 月 7 日——CoinDesk 披露:SEC 设“7 月底交卷”硬死线,目的是争取10 月 10 日前批完首批现货 SOL ETF;
  • 7 月 8 日—— Fidelity 申请被延期 35 天,“等待补材料”;
  • 7 月 28 日—— 灰度申请再次被推迟,新的最后期限落到 10 月 10 日;
  • 7 月 29 日——Cboe BZX一口气提交两张 19 b-4:①Canary Staked INJ ETF;Invesco × Galaxy 现货 Solana ETF,明确“现货+质押”双保险;
  • 7 月 31 日—— ①Jito Labs + Bitwise + Multicoin + VanEck + Solana Institute向 SEC 加密资产特别工作组递交LST 公开信,正式为“Staked ETP”站台;②21 Shares当天同步提交修订版 S-1,赶在最后一分钟补齐质押条款(见 SEC 存档文件)。

至此,两个月内完成了“两次延迟+三轮修订+四家新申报”的来回拉扯——把我们今天要讨论的核心议题推到了台前:把 Liquid Staking Token (LST)装进 ETF,可行吗?

Why:LST 们为什么拼命想进 ETF?

LST 名单与现状

注:APR 为 8 月 1 日各 LST 发行方官网数据,该数据会产生实时变动,以实际呈现为准。

三重利好

被动资金 = 长期锁仓

ETF 规模越大,越能把 LST 变成“无意减仓但持续拿收益”的资金池。对 Jito、Marinade 来说,这等于直接新增“数十亿级”长期质押量,协议可稳定抽佣,TVL 自然起飞。

流动性深度跃迁

ETF 将在二级市场持续换手,而基金份额对应的 LST 需要日常申赎做市——做市商会同步铺设LST/SOL 和 LST/USDC深度,为 LST 提供比 DeFi 池子更厚的底。

品牌信用外溢

进入 SEC 合规框架意味着 “被华尔街背书”。一旦 10 K、N-CSR 等公开文件开始出现JitoSOL / mSOL的名号,普通机构做尽调的成本骤降,LST 从“小众 DeFi 凭证”升级为“可入账金融资产”。

影响几何?三条主线拆解

对 Solana:安全性+估值双提升

  • 质押率抬升—— 以 2025 H 1 数据测算,若首批现货 SOL ETF 合计募得 50 亿美元、80% 配 LST,链上将一次性新增约2400 万枚质押 SOL(按 167 USD/SOL 计),质押率由 66% 升至近 71%,网络 Nakamoto 系数同步上行。
  • 估值锚点“收益率”—— 质押 APR ≈ 7% 成为 DeFi 无风险收益曲线的一段。买盘可用 “SOL 现价 / 7%” 简化贴现,而非纯粹 Beta 抛物线,对板块估值更友好。

对其它 ETF:

结论:若 SOL LST ETF 先过关,ETH 阵营将被迫把“原生质押”条款写得更细,BTC ETF 则只能继续靠降费率保吸引力。

对ETF的买方:

  • 一票三得—— 现货 Beta + 7%以上年化 + 二级市场流动性;对于 Family Office / 养老金等合规约束重的账户,这是第一张 “可以买的高收益 PoS” 门票。
  • 税务 & 结算友好—— 质押收益在 40 Act/33 Act 结构里往往按资本利得而非经营收入计税,较个人链上质押更优。
  • 费率博弈—— 目前已公开的费率从 Grayscale 的 2.5% 到预期的 0.9%(业界猜测 VanEck 框架),谁让收益回馈更多,谁就吸走单子。BTC ETF 已被卷到 0.19-0.25%,费率战注定蔓延。

呼吁力度:过不过?风险几何?

综上数据,评判通过概率约在60-70%。同时笔者认为,若想顺利过审,发行人在 S-1 中至少应补充三类应对方案:

方案一:折价熔断阈值

建议设定 LST 市场价对参考 NAV 的偏离上限(示例:± 5%);一旦触及阈值,暂停一级市场申购 / 赎回,并启动“差价调节”或cash creation备用流程,以确保基金份额与底层资产价值保持对齐。

方案二:NAV 计算与校准

至少引入两家独立数据源:一条链上预言机(如 Chainlink)+一家合规托管 / 做市报价(如 Coinbase Prime、Cumberland 等);建议 10 秒级更新,并披露冗余与故障切换方案,便于监管层评估价格失真风险。

方案三:合约风险覆盖

在智能合约层面,除年度第三方审计外,可考虑购买Lloyd’s of London、Nexus Mutual或同等级别保单,覆盖黑客攻击、质押罚没等极端情形;并在招股书中明确索赔流程、保额上限与触发条件,让投资者与监管者对潜在损失有定量预期。

(注:以上举措为笔者基于公开案例与业内通行做法提出的“参考框架”,具体阈值和技术路线仍需发行人与 SEC 进一步沟通确定。)

结语

从 5 月“拉黑”到 7 月“催生”,SEC 在短短 70 天内完成了一次姿态反转:它不再纠结 “能不能上”,而是开始讨论 “怎么上”——“加密 ETF 2.0” 的脚注里第一次写上了 staking 与 LST。而站在牌桌另一侧,币圈玩家们用“一封公开信 + 一套改好的 S-1”告诉华尔街:“让资金效率最大化,我们比你们更懂。”下一步,就看监管者是否愿意让这场“高收益、低运维”的质押游戏真正走进退休金和 401(k)。

如果真的放行,那不仅是 Solana 的胜利,更是 PoS 叙事从链上走进交易所、从极客走向机构的里程碑。

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