比特币 Layer 2 之闪电网络

btcstudyPublished on 2025-07-17Last updated on 2025-07-30

作者:Shinobi

来源:https://bitcoinmagazine.com/technical/bitcoin-layer-2-lightning-network

闪电网络” 是一个由支付通道组成的路由网络,其概念最早由 Thaddeus Dryja 和 Joseph Poon 在 2015 年提出,已经完成的主要实现有:CLN(来自 Blocstream)、LND(来自 Lightning Labs)、Eclair(来自 Eclair)和 LDK(来自 Spiral)。

“支付通道” 概念在比特币世界里面算得上历史悠久,就是一个用户将资金存入一个 2-of-2 多签名地址中,然后通过预签名的交易,给另一方(支付接收方)分配越来越多的资金。最初的支付通道构想是单项的,而且有过期时间,支付的接收方 必须 在此过期时间之前使用最新一笔预签名交易关闭(结算)通道,否则支付的发起方可以动用接收方在此前签过名的一笔预签名交易,将多签名地址中的所有资金都拿走。

闪电网络的两个重大创新是:(1)一种不会局限于单向支付和硬性截止日期的支付通道类型;(2)使用 “哈希时间锁合约(HTLC)” 的概念,从而可以在多条支付通道中原子化地转发支付。

闪电网络(广义来说,支付通道皆如此)的主要缺点是其天生的流动性要求。为了收取支付,用户必须已经开设了一条支付通道,并且通道中的对方有足够多的余额,才能成功将支付转发过来。为了让支付穿过网络,沿途的每一条通道的转发方都必须具有大于支付数额的余额,才能转发支付。

虽然有这些缺点,从 2018 年它开始在比特币网络上启动以来,闪电网络还是在使用量和增长速度上获得了巨大的成功。

Poon-Dryja 通道

从寿命有限的单向支付通道走向没有硬性截止日期的双向通道,要克服的关键问题只有一个:一旦你创建了一笔交易、给出了对它的签名,就没有办法取消它,也没法收回。这笔交易(会在你的对手那里)一直存在,除非它所花费的钱币(它的输入)被别的交易花掉,否则它一直是有效的,随时可以使用。

对该问题的解决方案就是 Poon-Dryja 通道的核心。你不能取消掉一笔预签名的交易,但你可以创造一种很强的激励,让人们永远不要使用更旧的预签名交易;甚至,如果有人尝试欺骗自己的通道对手,对手还会因此获得好处。实现这种效果的是 “撤销密钥” 的概念。

poon

在一条 Poon-Dryja 通道中,两方各自有一组预签名交易(双方的预签名交易互为镜像),称为 “承诺交易”。每次通道更新(或者说余额变更),其实就是双方都给对方签名一条新的承诺交易。每一方所持有的承诺交易,都会将应当归属于对方的资金立即交给对方;但应当归属于自己的资金,则带有一个时间锁,在交易确认之后还要等待一段时间才能取回,并且,我们还要再加上一个撤销密钥的花费条件。

无论什么时候,只要更新了通道状态,在更新过程完成之前,双方都必须把自己用在上一笔承诺交易中的撤销密钥交给对方。如果某一方尝试发送一笔旧的承诺交易到网络中、尝试将现在已经属于对方的资金据为己有,那么被攻击的一方可以直接使用撤销密钥,立即取走该旧承诺交易中属于欺诈者的输出中的资金;加上 TA 原本就可以立即取走属于自己的输出中的资金,整条通道中的资金都会被 TA 取走。

哈希时间锁合约(HTLC)

在网络中跨越多条支付通道而转发交易,并且要保证安全性,是通过 HTLC 来做到的。这跟曾被用来协助不同资产的原子化互换(不论处在同一个区块链网络中、还是处在不同网络中)的机制是同一种。

HTLC

HTLC 让一个输出有两种花费条件:(1)一方(HTLC 的接收方)如果能够提供某一个哈希值的原像,就能花费它;(2)另一方(HTLC 的发送方)也可以花费它,但需要等待一个时间锁过期)。利用闪电网络来支付的支付发送方可以让一连串的通道都传递使用相同哈希锁的 HTLC,直到传递给支付的接收方。由于设置哈希锁的哈希值是由接收方给出的,所以当接收方收到自己的通道对手发来的 HTLC 时,就可以释放原像。

那么,每一个收到原像的节点都向自己的通道对手出示原像,最终,原像会传递给支付的发送方。每当一方向另一方出示原像,双方就更新通道内的余额(释放原像的一方获得更多资金)。从接收方到发送方的回传路径上,越靠近发送方的通道中的 HTLC 的时间锁就越长。这是为了保证如果真的有什么事情发生,一些人必须关闭通道、在链上结算 HTLC 的话,上游(更靠近发送方)的节点有时间(在链上)发现原像、然后更新自己的通道。

Gossip 协议

为了成功在网络中路由支付,闪电节点需要对整个网络的情形有一些基本概念。这是用 gossip 协议来实现的。Gossip 协议会被用来广播不同闪电节点以及他们的通道的信息,从而收到这些消息的闪电节点能够对网络的样貌有所认识,能够从中挑选传递支付的路径。

这是一个非常简单的协议,有三种消息:通道宣告、节点宣告和通道信息更新。每一种消息都与其它消息有具体的依赖关系,并且每一种消息都在传播关于支付通道网络的信息中有其作用,最终,用户能够使用这些信息,为自己的支付选择可行的路径。

通道宣告消息传播证明一条闪电通道真的存在所需的信息:形成这条通道的 UTXO、其双签名地址中的两个公钥的各自签名;还有来自双方闪电节点身份公钥的签名(针对前述 UTXO 证据和签名)。所有东西都是为了证明这里有一条真实的闪电通道,由区块链上的真实比特币支持,并且,这条消息不是用来轰炸网络的假消息。

只有制作出一条通道宣告消息、广播到网络中之后,一个节点才能传播节点宣告消息。这条宣告包含节点身份公钥、可以触达该节点的一个网络地址、该节点自选的一个昵称,以及少量其它元数据。

通道信息更新消息则传播一条具体的通道为转发支付而要求的手续费和其它条件。包括一个节点愿意传递的 HTLC 的最大价值和最小价值、基础手续费和手续费率(闪电支付必须支付一个基础手续费绝对值以及一笔与支付价值成比例的手续费)、该节点所收到的 HTLC 和所发送的 HTLC 的时间锁的差值。

这让每一个闪电节点都可以构造出一个对整个网络的视图,从而,在他们尝试让自己的支付穿过网络的时候,可以从视图中找出可以尝试的路径。

洋葱路由

在转发支付的时候,闪电节点之间传递的消息都是 “洋葱路由” 的。每一条消息都被一个加密层封装起来,从而支付转发路径上每一个节点都只能解开一个加密层、读取其中的信息;这其中包含的是指令,告诉收到这条信息的节点应该选择哪个通道对手来转发支付、继续传递加密的消息。

想想一层一层的洋葱。就是这样。

这为穿过网络的支付提供了一定程度的隐私性,因为转发路径上的每一个节点都只能知道跟自己关联的信息(谁发送了 HTLC 给自己、自己要把 HTLC 在哪条通道中发送给谁),但并不能看到完整的路径。所以他们即不知道支付的最终接收方是谁,也不知道发送方是谁。

这就是为什么我们需要 gossip 协议,以及为什么支付的发送方要自己选出要尝试的支付路径。通过让发送者来构造路径,支付获得了一定程度的隐私性;但是,构造路径的发送者必须知道网络的大概样貌,才能选出路径而不泄露这条路径的信息给其他人。

流动性机制

任何人想在闪电网络中收款,都必须先参与至少一条闪电通道;并且,其通道对手应该有一定数量的余额,才能将支付转发过来。也就是说,其通道对手需要打一个赌:会经常有人愿意给这个人支付,而且有一定的体量,从而自己能够从中收取手续费、赚一点钱。

这就产生了一个瓶颈,并且参与者们需要以某种方式获得其他人的信任。愿意在闪电网络中提供这种 “收款流动性” (向其他人开设通道并在其中投入资金)的人需要一些办法来衡量其他人的声誉,这是为了帮助他们,也是为了自己赚钱。

这就产生了对所谓的 “闪电网络服务商(LSP)” 的需要。LSP 就是专门运行基础设施来定位终端用户、为他们提供收款流动性的服务商。除了这样中心化的解决方案,协议层的解决方案,比如 gossip 协议的插件,可以向其它拥有流动性的人广播开启通道的出价和手续费要求。

总结

闪电网络显然有自身的局限性,例如因为需要预先分配资金才能收款而带来的障碍。但即使有这样的障碍,它还是取得了很大的成功。

它确实还不能说已经成为了全面自主保管的支付解决方案,但至少,自主保管是完全可以做到的,哪怕有点辛苦。除此之外,它无疑已经证明了,作为一个通用的结算层,面向更大规模或中心化用途,它是非常有用的。

无论闪电网络能不能成为一个可以完全面向终端用户的支付系统,对于能够处理其复杂性的人,这是无可否认的高效结算解决方案。这保证了它在比特币生态系统中的长期适应性,不论这是不是它的初衷。

Trending Cryptos

Related Reads

Second Half of U.S. Crypto Policy: The Clarity Act Aims for 60 Votes, CFTC's "One-Person Commission" Becomes Biggest Variable

In a pivotal year for US crypto policy, the "CLARITY Act" is advancing in the Senate but faces a high hurdle, needing 60 votes to pass. Key challenges include bridging partisan divides on ethics and swaying undecided Republican senators within a tight legislative calendar of only about 40 working days. The policy "second half" involves intense negotiations on a broader framework for Web3 and DeFi, including crypto tax reforms and the Blockchain Regulatory Certainty Act. A significant uncertainty is the understaffed CFTC, operating with four commissioner vacancies, which complicates regulatory clarity. Meanwhile, the departure of key "crypto champions"—SEC Commissioner Hester Peirce and Senator Cynthia Lummis—will impact ongoing policy efforts. Industry experts are cautiously optimistic but realistic. Sara K. Weed notes that while progress is being made, CLARITY is unlikely to pass this Congress, pushing agencies like the SEC and CFTC to provide more guidance. Sulolit Mukherjee suggests meaningful crypto tax legislation is more likely to be attached to larger must-pass bills. Rashan Colbert discusses the jurisdictional debate over prediction markets, emphasizing the need for a regulatory framework that fosters their development as financial tools rather than treating them broadly as gambling. The clock is ticking, but opportunities remain for substantive progress through continued bipartisan dialogue and pragmatic efforts.

marsbit1h ago

Second Half of U.S. Crypto Policy: The Clarity Act Aims for 60 Votes, CFTC's "One-Person Commission" Becomes Biggest Variable

marsbit1h ago

Research Report Analysis: Morgan Stanley Details SanDisk SNDK, The Truth About Cloud Data Center Pricing Power and AI Inference Benefits

Morgan Stanley raised its price target for SanDisk (SNDK) from $1100 to $1750 on June 22, maintaining an Overweight rating. The upgrade is driven by AI inference demand reshaping the NAND market, particularly for KV Cache and context window storage in cloud data centers. These cloud clients exhibit price inelasticity and sign long-term contracts, granting SanDisk significant pricing power. SanDisk's New Business Model (NBM) agreements, covering over one-third of FY27 bit shipments with 3-5 year terms and fixed price/price collar structures, are crucial. They are projected to sustain gross margins around 80% even at floor prices, providing a buffer against cyclical downturns. Morgan Stanley forecasts gross margins to surge from 30.3% in FY25 to 86.7% in FY27e. With NAND supply expected to remain tight into 2026/2027 and cloud/data centers becoming the largest end-market, SanDisk holds supply-side pricing power. The company targets 15-19% bit growth via technology transitions, not capacity expansion. Revenue is projected to grow ~6.6x from FY25 to FY27, with EPS rising from $2.74 to $14.73, driven by high-margin cloud business. Key upside catalysts include faster enterprise SSD adoption and edge AI growth. Downside risks involve slower industry growth, competitor capex increases, market share loss, and competition from Chinese players like YMTC. The investment thesis rests on AI-driven structural demand, NBM's margin protection, and sustained supply tightness. The $1750 target implies ~28x FY27e P/E.

marsbit2h ago

Research Report Analysis: Morgan Stanley Details SanDisk SNDK, The Truth About Cloud Data Center Pricing Power and AI Inference Benefits

marsbit2h ago

Trading

Spot
Futures

Hot Articles

What is LINON

Linde plc Tokenized Stock (Ondo): Revolutionizing Traditional Equity Access Through Blockchain Innovation The emergence of Linde plc Tokenized Stock (Ondo), represented by the ticker $LINON, signifies a monumental shift in the fusion of traditional financial structures and decentralized finance (DeFi). This innovative financial instrument showcases the tremendous potential of blockchain technology to democratize access to traditional equity markets while ensuring the security and regulatory compliance necessary for institutional-grade financial products. Through Ondo Finance's pioneering tokenization platform, $LINON provides a seamless pathway for global investors to engage with one of the world's leading industrial gas companies, Linde plc, creating a blockchain-native representation of the underlying equity. Introduction to Linde plc Tokenized Stock The landscape of financial markets is witnessing a groundbreaking transformation through the tokenization of real-world assets. Linde plc Tokenized Stock (Ondo) epitomizes this revolutionary approach by bridging the gap between conventional stock ownership and blockchain-enabled financial infrastructure. The $LINON token allows investors to gain exposure to one of the prominent industrial companies worldwide through decentralized technology. Operating within Ondo Finance's comprehensive ecosystem, $LINON symbolizes a practical application of tokenization technology that enhances accessibility, efficiency, and global connectivity in traditional financial markets. By leveraging blockchain infrastructure, this tokenized stock enables international investors to participate in U.S. equity markets, overcoming traditional barriers associated with cross-border investing. The significance of $LINON goes beyond technological innovation; it represents a fundamental shift in asset structuring, distribution, and trading in the digital age. This tokenized stock maintains all the economic benefits associated with traditional Linde plc shares while offering improved liquidity, programmable compliance features, and seamless integration with decentralized finance protocols. The development of $LINON indicates a growing acceptance of blockchain technology as a viable means for traditional finance, exemplifying how even well-established assets like Linde plc can integrate into blockchain systems. This approach preserves the core attributes that appeal to investors while introducing advanced capabilities that enhance the overall investment proposition. Project Overview and Objectives Linde plc Tokenized Stock (Ondo) encapsulates a strategic effort to democratize access to traditional equity markets through advanced blockchain technologies. The primary objective of $LINON is to provide approved global investors seamless access to the economic exposure associated with Linde plc shares, furthering an effort to create a more inclusive financial ecosystem. Beyond the digital representation of traditional assets, $LINON endeavors to eliminate barriers of geography and time zones that limit investor participation. Its design ensures that blockchain technology can elevate traditional investment vehicles without undermining the security or compliance requirements expected by investors. Key goals of the project include enhanced liquidity provision, programmable compliance mechanisms, and interoperability with other blockchain networks. Each $LINON token is fortified by actual Linde plc securities housed at U.S.-registered broker-dealers, allowing holders to reap economic advantages akin to traditional stockholders, such as dividend reinvestment. Furthermore, $LINON aims to establish new industry standards for institutional-grade tokenized securities, paving the way for traditional assets to embrace blockchain technology while remaining compliant with regulatory frameworks. By associating itself with a company as reputable as Linde plc, the project opens avenues for exploring tokenized equities catering to both conservative institutional players and daring retail investors. Project Creator and Development Team The vision for Linde plc Tokenized Stock (Ondo) comes from Nathan Allman, founder and CEO of Ondo Finance. His background in traditional finance coupled with expertise in blockchain technology positions him uniquely to navigate the complexities of asset tokenization. Allman's academic journey began at Brown University, focusing on Economics and Biology, equipping him with valuable analytical skills. His time at Goldman Sachs in the Digital Assets division strengthened his understanding of the interplay between financial institutions and emerging technologies, laying the groundwork for his later endeavors in alternative investment strategies. Under Allman's guidance, Ondo Finance has emerged as a leader in asset tokenization, launching $LINON as a flagship example of the company's larger mission towards revolutionizing traditional financial systems using blockchain technology. His commitment to leveraging blockchain for creating institutional-grade financial products has shaped the landscape of real-world asset tokenization. Investment and Funding Structure The growth of Ondo Finance, the platform powering Linde plc Tokenized Stock (Ondo), is bolstered by robust financial backing from prestigious venture capital firms and strategic investors. This strong investment foundation underpins the development of the key infrastructure essential for compliant tokenized securities like $LINON. In August 2021, Ondo Finance secured $4 million in seed funding led by a major venture capital firm, which enabled the company to commence platform development and establish the necessary regulatory processes for tokenizing real-world assets. This early investment cemented Ondo Finance's credibility within the industry. The Series A funding round followed, garnering $20 million with participation from renowned firms committed to transformative technology companies. This backing demonstrated substantial institutional confidence in Ondo Finance's vision, allowing it to hone its approach to asset tokenization through mechanisms that ensure compliance and accessibility. Noteworthy contributors, including institutional investors and experienced partners, have added significant value to Ondo Finance’s development efforts. Their involvement underscores the confidence across sectors in Ondo Finance's approach to bridging traditional finance with blockchain innovations. Technical Infrastructure and Innovation The technical architecture that underpins Linde plc Tokenized Stock (Ondo) represents a sophisticated melding of traditional finance systems and cutting-edge blockchain technology. The architecture's foundation is built on the Ethereum network, renowned for its security and programmability—both critical for intricate financial instruments. The $LINON tokenization process comprises creating a blockchain-native representation of Linde plc shares that preserves economic benefits while augmenting investor capabilities. Each token corresponds to actual shares held at U.S.-registered broker-dealers, creating a compliant custody structure that legitimizes the asset's existence and value. Automated compliance systems are integrated into the tokenization process, managing critical components such as know-your-customer (KYC) verification and anti-money laundering (AML) protocols. This incorporation of programmable compliance empowers $LINON to uphold regulatory standards essential for institutional proliferation. Cross-chain interoperability characterizes the advanced technical features of $LINON. While initially deployed on Ethereum, the framework is designed for expansion to other networks such as Solana and BNB Chain. This adaptability enhances liquidity and accessibility, allowing investors to select their preferred blockchain ecosystems. Historical Timeline and Development Crafting the history of Linde plc Tokenized Stock (Ondo) unfolds in parallel with the evolution of Ondo Finance's tokenization platform. The timeline's inception dates back to March 2021 when Nathan Allman laid the foundations for creating institutional-grade financial products on blockchain infrastructure. The initial funding round in August 2021 provided crucial resources for developing the platform and establishing partnerships necessary for effective tokenization. By January 2023, Ondo Finance launched its tokenized treasury products, establishing mechanisms that would facilitate future tokenized equities such as $LINON. A pivotal milestone arose in February 2025 when Ondo Chain—a Layer 1 blockchain designed specifically for asset tokenization—was introduced. This infrastructure enhances capabilities vital for institutional markets, demonstrating Ondo Finance's long-term commitment to tokenization. Subsequently, the launch of Ondo Global Markets in September 2025 marked the official debut of $LINON. This milestone showcased the successful transition from development to active trading, enabling investors around the world to access American financial markets seamlessly. Ongoing development plans include a targeted expansion of available tokenized assets to over 1,000 by the end of 2025, pointing to a bright future for Ondo Finance's ecosystem and its mission to broaden tokenized equity accessibility. Regulatory Compliance and Legal Framework The legal architecture governing Linde plc Tokenized Stock (Ondo) emphasizes a sophisticated approach to regulatory compliance, allowing tokenized securities to be implemented within a blockchain-based framework. The legal structure governing $LINON spans multiple jurisdictions while maintaining a robust legal footing. Compliance systems ensure that only eligible investors can access the token, enforced through automated verification that aligns with international regulations. This innovative regulatory technology promises real-time enforcement of complex requirements, considerably enhancing efficiency in operating within the regulatory landscape. The custody framework undergirding $LINON ensures that the underlying shares are securely held at U.S.-registered broker-dealers, complying with necessary regulations while delivering blockchain-driven access to investors. The token maintains its economic equivalency and security through this carefully structured custody arrangement. KYC and AML compliance systems are embedded within the smart contract architecture, ensuring integrity and adherence to regulatory practices while fostering transparency for investors. The jurisdictional restrictions mark a commitment to navigating the evolving landscape of international securities laws. Market Impact and Industry Significance The advent of Linde plc Tokenized Stock (Ondo) holds profound implications for the broader financial landscape, symbolizing a clear shift towards blockchain-enabled markets. $LINON serves as a proof-of-concept for integrating traditional companies into blockchain ecosystems, showcasing the potential benefits such as broader accessibility and improved efficiency. The market's response to $LINON indicates a growing acceptance of tokenization among institutional investors, contributing to the emergence of an expanding sector wherein traditional assets can be interconnected with blockchain innovations. The success of $LINON further solidifies market confidence, indicating an overarching shift towards recognizing asset tokenization as a transformative force in finance. Future Development and Expansion Plans The future trajectory for Linde plc Tokenized Stock (Ondo) centers around the expansion of the tokenization ecosystem and enhanced infrastructure supporting blockchain-enabled financial services. Plans for cross-chain integration usher in new opportunities for liquidity and flexibility within the investment framework, with existing capabilities poised for continuous enhancement. With the introduction of Ondo Chain, Ondo Finance aims to transition $LINON to an optimized blockchain environment specifically designed for asset tokenization. This new infrastructure heralds exciting prospects for the development of institutional-grade financial products, ensuring ongoing compatibility with contemporary investment strategies. Further integration with decentralized finance protocols signifies a commitment to empowering $LINON holders through advanced financial strategies. The anticipated expansion of available tokenized assets promises to broaden investor access, enhancing the utility and appeal of the platform. In alignment with ambitions for regulatory expansion, ongoing efforts to secure approvals for new jurisdictions will enhance investor access, further positioning $LINON at the forefront of the burgeoning tokenization market. Conclusion Linde plc Tokenized Stock (Ondo), as represented by the $LINON token, stands at the intersection of traditional finance and blockchain innovation. It embodies a transformative milestone in how financial assets are structured, distributed, and engaged within modern investment ecosystems. The technical sophistication behind $LINON, combined with its regulatory compliance framework, illustrates that asset tokenization can improve financial infrastructure rather than simply digitizing existing products. This pioneering effort not only enhances investor access to U.S. equity markets but also signifies an evolution of how traditional financial services can integrate blockchain technology. As the asset tokenization market grows exponentially, with prospects suggesting significant valuation increases, $LINON paves the way for a future where tokenized securities become standard fixtures in the financial landscape. The trajectory of $LINON will undoubtedly influence how traditional finance adapts to a transformed, blockchain-powered world.

3.2k Total ViewsPublished 2025.12.05Updated 2025.12.05

What is LINON

What is CRMON

Salesforce Tokenized Stock (Ondo): Revolutionising Traditional Equity Access Through Blockchain Innovation The emergence of Salesforce Tokenized Stock (CRMON) marks a pivotal advancement in integrating traditional financial markets with blockchain technology. This innovative approach offers investors unprecedented access to equity exposure through tokenisation. Developed by Ondo Finance, CRMON provides tokenholders with economic exposure equivalent to holding Salesforce stock (CRM) while automatically reinvesting dividends. This effectively bridges the gap between conventional equity markets and decentralised finance (DeFi). Introduction and Comprehensive Overview of Salesforce Tokenized Stock In recent years, the financial landscape has dramatically transformed due to blockchain technology, fundamentally altering how investors access and interact with traditional assets. The development of Salesforce Tokenized Stock (CRMON) is a prime example of this evolution, representing a sophisticated fusion of conventional equity markets with cutting-edge distributed ledger technology. CRMON is a tokenised version of Salesforce stock, emerging from the innovative work of Ondo Finance, a leading platform in the real-world asset tokenisation sector that positions itself as a bridge between traditional finance and decentralised systems. Designed to provide tokenholders with economic exposure that mirrors the performance of the underlying Salesforce stock, CRMON incorporates automatic dividend reinvestment mechanisms. This eliminates many traditional barriers associated with international equity investment, such as complex brokerage relationships, currency conversion challenges, and restricted trading hours. The tokenisation process reimagines stock ownership as a blockchain-native asset while maintaining its economic equivalence with the underlying security, offering enhanced portability and integration capabilities within decentralised finance ecosystems. CRMON transcends its individual utility as an investment instrument to represent a fundamental shift in how financial markets can operate in an increasingly digital world. By maintaining full backing through U.S.-registered broker-dealers and implementing robust compliance frameworks, CRMON demonstrates that tokenised securities can achieve the regulatory standards necessary for institutional adoption while delivering the technological advantages of blockchain infrastructure. Understanding Tokenized Real-World Assets and CRMON's Strategic Position Tokenised real-world assets signify one of the most significant innovations in modern finance, fundamentally reimagining how traditional securities are represented, traded, and utilised within digital ecosystems. CRMON operates as a tokenised equity instrument correlating directly with Salesforce stock while optimising accessibility and efficiency. This aligns with Ondo Finance's broader mission to democratise access to institutional-grade financial products through innovative tokenisation strategies. The tokenisation process guarantees complete economic equivalence with the underlying Salesforce equity. Each CRMON token represents a proportional claim on Salesforce stock held by qualified custodians, with dividend payments automatically reinvested to maintain continuous exposure to total return performance. This structure simplifies dividend management and ensures that tokenholders receive the full economic benefit of their equity exposure, encompassing both capital appreciation and income generation. Ondo Finance's strategy in tokenising Salesforce stock demonstrates its expertise in creating compliant, institutional-grade products that meet traditional financial markets' stringent requirements. The platform’s focus on merging regulatory compliance with blockchain benefits positions it at the forefront of decentralised finance, captivating both institutional and retail investors seeking blockchain-native solutions. The Technology and Innovation Framework Behind CRMON The technological infrastructure supporting CRMON integrates blockchain technology with traditional financial mechanisms, delivering institutional-grade security and compliance while maintaining the operational advantages of decentralised systems. Built on the Ethereum blockchain, CRMON utilises robust smart contract capabilities to ensure transparent, secure operations. The smart contract architecture incorporates layered security and compliance mechanisms, enabling automated compliance checks and real-time asset backing verification. Integration with oracle services maintains accurate pricing and dividend information, ensuring CRMON reflects the underlying Salesforce stock's accurate performance. This architecture delivers automated dividend reinvestments and other corporate actions, eliminating manual processing requirements and directly enhancing tokenholder benefits. Ondo Finance ensures CRMON's security structure includes daily third-party verification of holdings, independent collateral agents, and a multiple-layer custody system through partnerships with established financial institutions. This framework safeguards tokenholder interests against operational risks while providing robust asset backing. The user interface enhances integration capabilities, allowing seamless interaction between CRMON and various decentralised finance protocols, as well as cryptocurrency exchanges. This interoperability enables users to leverage their tokenised equity across multiple platforms, creating sophisticated investment strategies that marry traditional equity characteristics with blockchain-native innovation. Leadership and Corporate Structure of Ondo Finance The leadership team behind CRMON and Ondo Finance blends expertise from traditional finance and blockchain technology, presenting a robust combination of skills essential for successfully bridging conventional markets with decentralised finance. Nathan Allman, the founder and CEO, emerged from a distinguished financial background before establishing Ondo Finance in 2021. Allman's experience includes notable roles at major financial institutions, including significant contributions to developing cryptocurrency market services. His insights into regulatory compliance were paramount in developing products like CRMON that successfully unify traditional securities with blockchain technology. With a team of professionals boasting substantial experience in both conventional finance and blockchain sectors, Ondo Finance's leadership comprises diverse expertise that covers every aspect of tokenised asset development. Justin Schmidt serves as President and COO, contributing unique operational expertise, while Chris Tyrell brings essential compliance knowledge. Investment Landscape and Funding History The investment landscape surrounding Ondo Finance reflects significant institutional confidence in its mission to tokenise real-world assets. The company has raised substantial funds through various investment rounds, attracting leading venture capital firms and strategic investors that recognise the transformative potential of tokenised securities like CRMON. Notably, Ondo Finance completed a successful Series A funding round in 2022, led by well-known venture capital firms. This funding success validates Ondo Finance's innovative approach to creating compliant, institutional-grade tokenised products. In total, Ondo Finance has successfully secured substantial funding, raising significant capital for product development and market expansion, including a noteworthy token sale that reinforced its governance structure through the establishment of the ONDO token. The diverse composition of investors reflects broad market confidence in Ondo Finance's business model, demonstrating support from both traditional and blockchain-native organisations. Operational Mechanics and Technical Implementation The operational framework supporting CRMON exemplifies sophisticated integration of traditional financial mechanisms with blockchain technology. The technical implementation introduces multiple layers of security, compliance, and operational efficiency to meet institutional standards while enhancing accessibility. The tokenisation process begins by acquiring actual Salesforce stock through U.S.-registered broker-dealers, ensuring each CRMON token maintains direct correlation with the underlying equity performance. Smart contracts automate operational processes, including dividend reinvestment and corporate action processing, facilitating a streamlined user experience. The Minting and redemption processes allow authorised participants to manage CRMON tokens effectively. During U.S. trading hours, institutions can mint new tokens by depositing stablecoins that are used to purchase corresponding Salesforce equity. This structure maintains a tight correlation with underlying assets, enhancing liquidity and price discovery. Additionally, the infrastructure supports twenty-four-hour token transfer capabilities, providing CRMON holders with operations outside traditional market hours. This represents a significant advantage over conventional securities ownership, thus promoting integration with decentralised finance applications. Plans for cross-chain compatibility through partnerships signal further ambitions for CRMON's market reach. By expanding to other blockchain networks, Ondo Finance aims to enhance accessibility and user engagement with tokenised equity products. Timeline and Historical Development of Tokenized Equity Innovation The timeline of CRMON's development and Ondo Finance's broader tokenised capabilities demonstrates a systematic innovation process beginning with the company's founding in 2021. 2021: Ondo Finance is founded by Nathan Allman and co-founders, launching initial products focused on structured vault offerings on the Ethereum blockchain. 2022: The company completes substantial funding rounds—both equity and token sales—totaling significant capital and launching initial tokenised U.S. Treasury products. 2023-2024: Ondo Finance experiences substantial growth, establishing partnerships with major financial institutions while expanding its product offerings beyond fixed-income securities. February 2025: Ondo Global Markets is announced, marking the transition into equity tokenisation with plans for accessing over one hundred U.S. stocks and ETFs. September 2025: The official launch of Ondo Global Markets includes CRMON alongside other tokenised equity offerings, marking a significant evolution in Ondo Finance's product ecosystem. This timeline highlights the organisation's rapid growth and its capability to adapt its technological and compliance frameworks to accommodate different asset classes effectively while maintaining security and regulatory integrity. Regulatory Framework and Compliance Approach Ondo Finance's regulatory framework showcases a sophisticated compliance strategy, essential for achieving institutional adoption in the tokenised securities market. The company's strong partnerships with U.S.-registered broker-dealers promote adherence to Securities and Exchange Commission regulations and apply robust investor protections. Acquisitions, such as Oasis Pro—a registered broker-dealer—significantly enhance Ondo Finance's compliance capabilities, ensuring thorough alignment with existing regulatory structures. The company employs independent verification procedures that foster transparency, aiming for a solid performance standards reputation. Furthermore, Ondo Finance's commitment extends to international regulatory compliance, ensuring token access remains restricted to eligible investors while adhering to pertinent cross-border securities regulations. Comprehensive attention to tax implications and reporting requirements fortifies the security and compliance landscape of CRMON, ensuring that investor obligations remain manageable. Future Prospects and Market Positioning The forward-looking landscape for CRMON and Ondo Finance illustrates substantial growth opportunities driven by institutional adoption of blockchain technology and escalating demand for efficient alternatives to conventional securities ownership. Market projections indicate the tokenised asset sector could value multiple trillion dollars by 2030. With plans to scale CRMON offerings significantly and integrate it with a dedicated blockchain infrastructure—Ondo Chain—Ondo Finance aims to elevate its institutional-grade tokenised asset operations. Additionally, the development of strategic partnerships enhances distribution capabilities while establishing the company's credibility in the financial market. Furthermore, the integration of tokenised equity with decentralised finance protocols offers new potential for innovative financial products and strategies previously impossible with traditional securities. These factors underscore CRMON's positioning to effectively capture increased market share and deliver innovative solutions for international investment exposure. Conclusion Salesforce Tokenized Stock (CRMON) symbolises a transformative development within financial markets, successfully bridging traditional equity ownership with blockchain technology to create unprecedented accessibility for global investors. Through Ondo Finance's sophisticated tokenisation framework, CRMON provides complete economic exposure to Salesforce equity performance while enhancing operational advantages that exceed traditional ownership. The launch of CRMON reflects the broader evolution of financial markets towards blockchain infrastructures that maintain regulatory compliance while delivering increased efficiency. Ondo Finance's extensive approach to regulatory adherence, institutional-grade security, and technological innovation solidifies CRMON as a model for future tokenised securities, delivering access previously unattainable in conventional brokerage structures. As the tokenised asset sector continues to develop, CRMON is well-positioned to address historical inefficiencies in capital markets while providing investors with innovative solutions for accessing traditional securities. The outlook for CRMON looks exceptionally promising, supported by ambitious expansion plans, technological innovations, and strategic partnerships, thereby representing a pioneering model of modern financial infrastructure evolving through blockchain integration.

3.3k Total ViewsPublished 2025.12.05Updated 2025.12.05

What is CRMON

What is SHOPON

Shopify Tokenized Stock (Ondo): A Comprehensive Analysis of Real-World Asset Tokenization in Web3 This article delves into the Shopify Tokenized Stock (Ondo), recognised by its ticker symbol $SHOPON, exploring its implications at the intersection of traditional finance and blockchain technology. As a part of Ondo Finance's tokenized securities platform, Shopify’s tokenized stock exemplifies advancements in democratizing access to global capital markets through innovative digital assets. Introduction and Overview of Shopify Tokenized Stock (Ondo) Shopify Tokenized Stock (Ondo), or $SHOPON, portrays a pivotal innovation in the realm of tokenized securities, allowing investors to gain economic exposure akin to directly owning shares of Shopify Inc. This token, developed under the umbrella of Ondo Finance, not only provides investors with the ability to hold digital representations of the company’s stock but also integrates features such as automatic reinvestment of dividends. This advancement represents a substantial shift in the landscape of decentralized finance (DeFi), linking conventional equity markets with blockchain solutions designed to enhance accessibility, transparency, and liquidity. By eliminating geographical barriers and enabling 24/7 trading capabilities, $SHOPON is positioned as a bridge connecting traditional financial instruments and the emerging Web3 ecosystem. What is Shopify Tokenized Stock (Ondo), $SHOPON? The $SHOPON token serves as a digital manifestation of Shopify Inc.'s shares, engineered to provide a direct correlation to the underlying asset's performance. Through the utilization of blockchain technology, the token gives holders a mechanism to participate in the economic benefits associated with equity ownership, including capital appreciation and dividend distribution. The unique aspect of $SHOPON lies in its automatic dividend reinvestment mechanism, which allows returns to compound without necessitating active management by the investor. This feature inherently enhances its attractiveness as an investment vehicle, particularly for individuals seeking passive income growth alongside exposure to high-performing equities. The tokenization process is facilitated by the custody of actual Shopify shares through regulated intermediaries, ensuring that every $SHOPON token is verifiably backed by real equity. This structure empowers investors with the dual advantages of both traditional financial characteristics and the innovative benefits tied to blockchain technology. Who is the Creator of Shopify Tokenized Stock (Ondo)? The creator of Shopify Tokenized Stock (Ondo), Nathan Allman, is an experienced figure in the finance sector, formerly associated with Goldman Sachs. His rich background includes significant expertise in digital asset development, bridging the gap between traditional finance and cryptocurrencies. Allman’s educational journey, marked by studies at Brown University, provided him with a deep understanding of economics and biology, equipping him with analytical skills that inform his strategic vision. In 2021, he founded Ondo Finance, committing to developing tokenized securities that meet institutional-grade standards while leveraging blockchain's transformative capabilities. Under Allman's leadership, Ondo Finance has focused on creating compliant and innovative financial products that empower a diverse investor base. Who are the Investors of Shopify Tokenized Stock (Ondo)? The investment landscape surrounding Shopify Tokenized Stock (Ondo) is notably robust, underpinned by significant institutional support. Primarily, Pantera Capital stands out as a strategic partner through the Ondo Catalyst initiative, a $250 million commitment aimed at accelerating the development of on-chain capital markets. This partnership not only signifies institutional confidence in the potential of tokenized assets but also reinforces Ondo Finance's operational capabilities and market positioning. The funding pathways have included earlier rounds that amassed millions in seed funding and further structural investments, solidifying relationships with both venture capital firms and private investors. Moreover, the financial framework is complemented by strategic partnerships with established financial institutions and technology companies, enhancing Ondo’s infrastructure and operational expertise. How Does Shopify Tokenized Stock (Ondo), $SHOPON Work? At the core of $SHOPON's operational framework is a sophisticated system integrating traditional finance mechanisms with blockchain technology. The custody of actual Shopify shares ensures that token holders retain authentic economic exposure, safeguarding their investments in line with recognized legal structures. The smart contracts employed in managing $SHOPON handle various functions, including automatic dividend reinvestment and ownership transfer, offering instant settlement and increased liquidity, marking a significant departure from conventional trading systems plagued by multi-day settlement delays. By providing interoperability with other decentralized finance applications, $SHOPON empowers holders with potentially lucrative opportunities for advanced investment strategies, including lending and automated market making. This complex integration presents a unique value proposition, catering to both traditional and crypto-native investors. The innovative structure of $SHOPON also allows for real-time settlements and transactions documented on the blockchain, delivering unparalleled transparency and security—a major advancement over standard equity trading practices. Timeline of Shopify Tokenized Stock (Ondo) March 2021: Nathan Allman establishes Ondo Finance, initially focusing on decentralized finance yield optimization. August 2021: Completion of a $4 million seed funding round led by Pantera Capital. January 2023: Launch of initial tokenized treasury security products, laying the groundwork for future equity tokenization. July 2025: Announcement of the Ondo Catalyst initiative, a strategic investment program valued at $250 million, aimed at propelling the development of tokenization in capital markets. September 3, 2025: Launch of Ondo Global Markets featuring over 100 tokenized U.S. stocks and ETFs, including $SHOPON. Technical Implementation and Blockchain Infrastructure Shopify Tokenized Stock (Ondo) operates on a technical architectural framework that marries blockchain protocols with traditional financial custody arrangements. The ecosystem leverages Ethereum's smart contract capabilities, providing seamless transaction management while ensuring compliance with regulatory standards through established financial custodians. Central to this architecture are security measures and transparent transaction records that affirm the legitimacy of each tokenholder's economic stake. With automated features managed by intricate smart contracts, $SHOPON not only streamlines ownership transfers but also allows for the tactical reinvestment of dividends—a hallmark of modern investment strategies. Moreover, the incorporation of LayerZero technology facilitates cross-chain interoperability, making $SHOPON accessible across multiple blockchain environments while preserving its functional robustness. This forward-thinking technical design positions $SHOPON as an adaptable asset within the larger DeFi milieu. Regulatory Framework and Compliance Architecture $SHOPON's regulatory framework is built upon the meticulous navigation of existing financial regulations that govern securities. The custody arrangements for the underlying Shopify shares are managed by U.S.-regulated broker-dealers, ensuring compliance and protection for investors. By maintaining a separation between the blockchain tokenization process and traditional custody, $SHOPON adheres to legal requirements while offering innovative functionalities that challenge conventional constraints. This dual-layered compliance approach enhances investor confidence and underscores Ondo Finance's commitment to regulatory integrity. Notably, the availability of $SHOPON is tailored to international investors from regions such as Asia-Pacific, Europe, and Africa, as regulatory parameters in the U.S. and U.K. present challenges in accessing tokenized securities. Market Access and Global Distribution Strategy The distribution strategy of $SHOPON is keenly designed to optimize global access while conforming to regulatory standards. The platform aims to establish comprehensive coverage for eligible investors across multiple regions, effectively dismantling traditional barriers through the implementation of blockchain technology. Integration with various cryptocurrency wallets and exchanges also promotes user-friendliness and accessibility, establishing a streamlined experience for investors to manage their holdings. Moreover, the 24/7 trading capabilities afforded by the tokenized model allow participants to react promptly to market shifts, fundamentally transforming how global equities are accessed and traded. Technology Integration and Cross-Chain Functionality The remarkable technological underpinnings of $SHOPON propagate its multi-chain functionality, set to expand its reach beyond Ethereum to networks such as Solana and BNB Chain. Such cross-chain capabilities allow users flexibility when navigating between blockchains, concurrently leveraging distinct network attributes to optimize their trading experience. LayerZero serves as the backbone for ensuring decentralized transfers between networks while providing the requisite security and speed, quintessential for maintaining investor trust. This comprehensive interoperability illustrates $SHOPON's commitment to being a versatile, user-centric asset in the evolving investment landscape. Ecosystem Integration and DeFi Compatibility Incorporating $SHOPON into broader DeFi protocols signifies its potential beyond traditional stock ownership. Token holders can leverage their holdings for various sophisticated strategies and applications, enhancing investment returns and liquidity management. By establishing a presence in lending protocols and automated trading systems, $SHOPON effectively democratizes access to advanced financial strategies previously limited to institutional investors. Such integration contributes to a more competitive and dynamic financial landscape, where individual investors can capitalize on tools typically reserved for larger entities. Risk Management and Security Framework Security remains paramount in the operational infrastructure of $SHOPON. The tokenization framework employs multiple layers of protection—beginning with regulated custody of the underlying Shopify shares. The operational protocols establish rigorous auditing, key management, and transaction monitoring standards, thus safeguarding against potential vulnerabilities. Moreover, meticulous adherence to evolving regulatory requirements provides an extra layer of security, fortifying investor protections and institutional compliance. Market Impact and Industry Implications The introduction of Shopify Tokenized Stock (Ondo) heralds a transformative shift in how financial markets operate, emphasizing the potential of tokenized securities to reshape traditional investment paradigms. The successful integration of $SHOPON encapsulates the efficiencies inherent in blockchain technology and opens avenues for new user demographics previously barred from extensive market participation. The impact extends beyond the immediate benefits to token holders, indicating broader trends that may challenge the status quo of investment services, particularly in addressing geographic restrictions and operational costs typically associated with traditional brokerage platforms. Undeniably, $SHOPON encapsulates the potential for traditional institutions to innovate further, leveraging the increasing demand for seamless blockchain access to complement existing financial infrastructure. Future Development Roadmap and Strategic Vision As Ondo Finance looks forward, the trajectory of $SHOPON rests on ambitious goals aimed at broadening the spectrum of available tokenized assets significantly. Over the next few years, plans are in place to expand to more than 1,000 tokenized securities, further enhancing market participation and investment options for individuals worldwide. Continued integration with traditional financial actors, development of specialized institutional products, and enhancements in automated trading capabilities will ensure that $SHOPON maintains its position at the forefront of financial innovation. Regulatory collaboration will also remain a focal point, establishing a framework that not only supports the compliance requirements but also promotes a healthy environment for tokenized asset proliferation. Conclusion and Market Significance In summary, Shopify Tokenized Stock (Ondo), represented by the ticker $SHOPON, is more than merely a tokenized equity offering; it embodies the innovation possible when traditional finance collides with modern blockchain applications. With a robust technical architecture, a commitment to compliance, and a clear strategic vision, $SHOPON exemplifies the potential for tokenized assets to enhance liquidity, accessibility, and functionality in capital markets. As the global investment landscape evolves, the transformative implications of $SHOPON extend beyond individual investors to revolutionize how financial instruments are perceived, traded, and utilized within both traditional and decentralized frameworks.

3.3k Total ViewsPublished 2025.12.05Updated 2025.12.05

What is SHOPON

Discussions

Welcome to the HTX Community. Here, you can stay informed about the latest platform developments and gain access to professional market insights. Users' opinions on the price of LAYER (LAYER) are presented below.

活动图片