贝莱德入局ETH质押ETF,哪些赛道与项目将率先受益?

Odaily星球日报Published on 2025-07-22Last updated on 2025-07-22

Abstract

对以太坊有什么影响?

7 月 17 日,全球资产管理巨头贝莱德(BlackRock)又一次精准出手——旗下 iShares 以太坊信托基金(ETHA)正式向美国证券交易委员会(SEC)提交 19 b-4 文件,拟为其以太坊 ETF 引入质押功能。


尽管在此之前,包括富兰克林邓普顿、灰度、 21 Shares 和富达等同行早已提交类似提案,但当贝莱德加入战局,市场情绪瞬间升温。原因无他:贝莱德并非最快动作的那一个,却最后总能成为「成功过关」的那个,再次点燃了外界对 SEC 放行质押型加密 ETF 的强烈预期。


根据分析师测算,SEC 有望在今年 10 月前对早期提交的质押提案给出初步回应,若审查顺利,正式通过时间有机会提前至 2025 年第四季度。


目前,以太坊现货 ETF 的总管理资产已超过 170 亿美元,其中 ETHA 以 87 亿美元的规模独占鳌头。若质押功能获批,不仅将重塑以太坊的投资逻辑,也将为整个链上生态注入新的增长动力。本文将聚焦这一历史性转折点,系统梳理在以太坊 ETF 引入质押机制后,哪些赛道与项目将率先受益。

贝莱德入局ETH质押ETF,哪些赛道与项目将率先受益?


从投机工具到收益资产,ETH 的资产属性正在被重塑


对于 ETH 而言,质押型 ETF 的推出可能意味着一场资产性质的结构性重估。


与传统金融资产相比,以太坊具备一个「原生优势」——它不仅是一种投机型资产,还能通过参与链上验证获得质押奖励,当前实际年化回报率约为 3.5% 。一旦 ETF 获准引入质押机制,其投资逻辑将从单一的价格上涨预期,升级为「价格 + 收益」的双引擎驱动。这种模式类似于持有国债赚取利息或持有蓝筹股领取分红,并将成为首个向机构和散户投资者提供收益的美国加密货币 ETF。这一转变可能会将以太坊转变为受监管投资工具内可产生收益的金融资产,使其成为传统金融的一个有吸引力的选择。


EMJ Capital 创始人 Eric Jackson 就曾预测:以太坊有望在本轮周期中冲击 10, 000 美元甚至更高。他的模型将 ETH 的潜在增长动力归因于四大因素:其稳定的 3.5% 质押收益率、合并以来的净负增发趋势、即将获批的质押型 ETF 所带来的新增需求,以及 Layer 2 与代币化资产推动的网络活动增长。Jackson 团队指出,ETH 的供需结构正在快速收紧,而如果 ETF 通过进度超预期,叠加 Layer 2 的大规模采用,ETH 在未来数个季度内突破 15, 000 美元也并非幻想。


谁是质押赛道真正的赢家


流动性质押协议


在以太坊 ETF 中整合质押功能,最大的技术与运营挑战莫过于 流动性管理。不同于传统金融资产的「T+ 0 可交易」特性,ETH 一旦质押,就会被锁定在网络中,退出则需经历一个正式的解除流程。根据以太坊协议设计,当验证者选择退出质押,必须等待排队出块、区块确认等多个阶段,且退出队列受限于网络当前负载——在高峰期,这个过程可能持续数天甚至数周。


这对于 ETF 发行方来说是一个棘手的问题。ETF 产品需确保用户可以随时买卖、赎回其份额。然而,如果基金持有的大量 ETH 被锁定质押,而遭遇突发性的大规模赎回请求,基金可能无法在短时间内变现资产,进而出现流动性错配风险。
为缓解这一问题,ETF 通常会预留部分未质押 ETH 作为流动性缓冲池,但这样会牺牲质押收益,削弱产品本应具备的「链上收益」吸引力。更具操作性的解决方案是:借助流动性质押协议(Liquid Staking Derivatives,LSD)。

贝莱德入局ETH质押ETF,哪些赛道与项目将率先受益?


其核心机制在于:将质押后的 ETH 生成可流通的「质押凭证」代币(如 Lido 的 stETH、Rocket Pool 的 rETH),这些代币代表对质押 ETH 的所有权,并可在二级市场交易,从而让质押资产保持链上流动性。以太坊 ETF 若使用 LSD 协议,不仅可持续获得质押收益,还能通过 stETH 等衍生资产随时满足赎回需求,解决传统质押的流动性痛点。这使得 LSD 协议成为 ETF 与以太坊网络之间的关键「流动性中介」。

贝莱德入局ETH质押ETF,哪些赛道与项目将率先受益?


市场对这一逻辑已有快速反应。贝莱德提交 ETHA 质押申请的消息公布后,Lido 治理代币 LDO 在 24 小时内上涨逾 20%,显示资金正快速涌向可能受益的 LSD 板块。一旦 SEC 正式批准支持质押的以太坊 ETF,Lido、Rocket Pool 等协议 TVL 有望显著扩张,其原生代币也将迎来新一轮估值重估。

贝莱德入局ETH质押ETF,哪些赛道与项目将率先受益?


中心化交易平台


以太坊 ETF 发行方选择不自建节点,也不依赖去中心化协议,最现实且便捷的方案就是使用中心化质押服务提供商,如 Coinbase、OKX 等。这些平台已搭建成熟的节点基础设施,可为机构客户提供一站式的质押解决方案,包括节点运行、奖励发放、密钥管理等,极大降低了技术门槛。


以 Coinbase 为例,其推出的流动性质押代币 cbETH(Coinbase Wrapped Staked ETH),为用户提供了一种同时享有质押收益与链上流动性的方式。cbETH 代表用户在 Coinbase 上质押的 ETH,用户无需解除质押即可将其转账、交易或用于链上交互。其原理类似 Lido 的 stETH,但由受监管的中心化平台发行和管理,因此更易被监管机构接受,也更契合传统金融机构的合规需求。

贝莱德入局ETH质押ETF,哪些赛道与项目将率先受益?


其他交易平台如 Kraken、OKX 等也提供类似质押服务,可以为机构用户提供定制化的解决方案。值得一提的是,尽管中心化质押服务在便捷性和合规性上具有明显优势,但也面临一定风险隐患。例如,SEC 曾对中心化交易平台的质押服务发起执法行动,指其构成「未经注册的证券发行」。

贝莱德入局ETH质押ETF,哪些赛道与项目将率先受益?


总的来看,在当前合规要求趋严的大背景下,中心化交易平台凭借其技术成熟度与牌照资源,依然是 ETF 发行方实现链上质押功能的重要选项之一。特别是像 cbETH 这样的产品,未来或许能在「合规版 LSD」这一赛道中,成为流动性与收益并存的代表性资产。


总结


以太坊 ETF 质押通过的强烈预期,不仅意味着传统金融正式迈入「链上收益时代」,也标志着 ETH 从投机品向收益型资产的彻底转型。随着贝莱德等机构牵头进入这一赛道,LSD 协议、节点运营商以及中心化交易平台正站上聚光灯,迎来新一轮估值重估的窗口。
随着监管逐步清晰,基础设施日趋完善,这场围绕「ETH 质押收益」的多方协作,或将成为 Web3 与华尔街融合的关键落点。谁能最先赢得 ETF 合作资源,谁就将在下一个加密周期中占据更核心的位置。

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