把房子变成“比特币发动机”?美国人真的开始这么干了

比推Published on 2025-06-27Last updated on 2025-06-27

美国人正在寻找使用数字货币帮助他们购房的方法,同时新公司也在成立,以帮助人们利用房屋价值购买比特币。

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美国最大的抵押贷款融资公司将开始接受加密货币作为抵押贷款申请中的资产,这是特朗普政府将数字货币引入主流金融体系的又一重大举措。

本周,特朗普总统的住房事务负责人威廉·普尔特(William Pulte)表示,他将指示美国两大抵押贷款融资公司——房利美(Fannie Mae)和房地美(Freddie Mac)——在评估购房者是否有能力负担抵押贷款时,将其加密货币投资视为整体财富的一部分。传统上,抵押贷款机构考虑的是购房者的现金储蓄和股票投资。

作为住房市场关键组成部分的房利美和房地美,从银行购买抵押贷款,并设定一系列标准来决定接受哪些借款人的抵押贷款。

联邦住房金融局(FHFA)局长普尔特先生于周三宣布这一消息之际,越来越多的美国人一直在使用数字货币购买房屋,并且新成立的公司正在帮助他们利用其持有的加密货币购买房地产。

多年来,加密货币市场及其众多支持者一直在推动监管机构朝这个方向发展,这引起了消费者权益倡导者的担忧,他们认为这种监管宽松且波动剧烈的投资资产正被与住房市场这样对经济至关重要的领域捆绑在一起。
而特朗普先生已从加密货币的批评者变成了大力支持者。

“在一个监管执法基本上已被搁置的世界里,边界正被迅速突破,”曾在证券交易委员会(SEC)担任律师、现运营金融行业贸易组织“健康市场协会”(Healthy Markets Association)的泰勒·盖拉什(Tyler Gellasch)说道。

但是,购房者和加密货币爱好者的需求正在增长。根据住宅房地产经纪公司Redfin最近的一项调查,约14%的购房者表示,他们计划出售加密资产以筹集现金支付房屋首付,高于2019年的5%。

2017年,大卫·多斯(David Doss)出售了部分持有的加密货币,为新泽西州一套房子的首付筹集现金。他说,他更希望有一种方式能在获得等价现金的同时保留其加密货币,但在他买房时这种选择并不存在。
“加密货币与房地产的交汇点发展得相当快,”为富裕投资者提供加密货币投资建议的多斯先生说,“这是最古老的资产类别与最新资产类别的相遇。”

普尔特先生的指令本可以让多斯先生保留部分加密货币资产。该指令称,购房者在申请抵押贷款资格的过程中,不再需要为了获得现金而出售其加密货币。

随着房屋销售陷入停滞,加密货币在住房市场中的影响力正在增强。销售停滞导致许多人无法出售或购买房屋,也无法通过贷款利用其房屋净值。
一些初创公司已经在推销加密货币,将其作为突破当前市场困境、重振房屋销售的一种方式。

其中一家名为Milo的公司,由摩根士丹利前财务顾问乔西普·鲁佩纳(Josip Rupena)创立,为投资者提供了一种使用比特币作为抵押品获得住房贷款的方式。
对于一套100万美元的房屋,投资者需存入价值100万美元的比特币,Milo会将其放入一个安全账户。该公司则提供100万美元现金用于购买房屋。

随后,Milo会发放一笔等额的抵押贷款,最终由购房者负责偿还。利率通常比普通抵押贷款高出几个百分点,但客户的好处是不必出售任何加密货币或支付资本利得税。当抵押贷款还清时,Milo会将比特币返还给投资者。

鲁佩纳先生表示,他已经承销了6500万美元的此类抵押贷款,并且他欢迎联邦住房金融局在加密货币政策上的转变。
与大多数银行抵押贷款(如房利美和房地美购买的)不同,鲁佩纳先生的公司不要求房主支付首付。他的公司为100%的交易提供融资,这是大多数银行不会做的,而且联邦住房金融局关于加密货币的新规也不太可能改变这一点。
“这是让加密货币获得与其他资产同等地位的第一步,”鲁佩纳先生评价联邦住房金融局的决定时说。

其他公司则在帮助房主利用房屋净值购买加密货币。其策略类似于所谓的房屋净值投资合约,即向房主提供一笔一次性现金支付,以换取分享房屋价值增值的权利。

但与房主利用这笔交易的现金支付房屋装修或子女大学学费不同,他们只用它来购买一样东西:比特币。
一家名为Horizon的初创公司在X平台上的一篇帖子中说:“将您的房屋变成比特币获取引擎。”

其典型运作方式如下:一些公司根据房主房屋净值价值,向其发放贷款用于购买比特币。这些公司通常通过在房主出售房屋时分享其价值增值来获利。
这类交易具有吸引力,因为在协议有效期内,房主无需像传统的房屋净值贷款那样每月还款。

作为保障,一些公司还会在合同期限内(有些合同可能长达十年)在房屋上设置留置权。

Horizon于上个月在拉斯维加斯举行的比特币大会上推出了其服务,特朗普的两个儿子在会上是主旨发言人。

消费者权益倡导者看到了值得担忧的理由。
“我的总体印象是,为购买加密货币而在你的房子上设置任何留置权都是一个糟糕的主意,”专门研究抵押贷款融资的美国国家消费者法律中心(National Consumer Law Center)高级律师安德鲁·皮佐尔(Andrew Pizor)说,“这是你遮风避雨的家,你必须谨慎行事。”

所有这些项目都处于起步阶段,因此要判断它们最终能获得多大的影响力还为时过早。
相关公司的代表表示,关于消费者被占便宜的担忧被夸大了。大多数潜在客户是富裕的投资者。这些公司还表示,他们打算遵守现有的联邦和州法律。

35岁的哈里·W·普拉尔(Harry W. Prahl)自2016年以来一直在投资比特币,他表示有兴趣利用其自住房屋和拥有的几栋公寓楼的净值购买更多这种加密货币。

普拉尔先生一直在与一家名为Sovana的公司洽谈,该公司由一位前谷歌高管创立,旨在利用他部分房地产资产作为抵押品购买更多比特币。Sovana会根据个人房产净值按一定公式购买比特币,然后将加密货币存入一个安全账户。在交易结束时,个人和公司将分享利润。
如果比特币贬值,业主必须补足差额。
“这是一种利用商业净值且不影响业务运作的替代方式,”普拉尔先生说,“而且不需要支付任何款项是一个真正的杀手级功能。”

尽管联邦住房金融局政策转变的细节尚不明确,但表面上看,这标志着特朗普政府对房利美和房地美的监管方式发生了变化。在过去的政府管理下,这两家公司因在金融危机期间数百万房主违约抵押贷款而几乎崩溃后,一直倾向于规避风险。

普尔特先生在X平台上一篇关于新政策的帖子中表示,他在“大量研究”之后做出了让房利美和房地美将加密货币计入购房者资产的决定。
他补充说,这是“为了响应特朗普总统将美国打造成世界加密货币之都的愿景。”

说明: 比推所有文章只代表作者观点,不构成投资建议

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