CRCL回调背后,谁捕获了USDC的经济价值?

Odaily星球日报Published on 2025-06-26Last updated on 2025-06-26

Abstract

长期增长前景仍取决于USDC的供应扩张、市场占有率提升,以及收入结构向非储备类来源的多元化转型

原文标题:Circle Goes Public: CRCL Valuation & the Economics of USDC

原文作者:Tanay Ved

原文编译:johyyn,BlockBeats

编者按:参考作者基于近期 Circle 市值异动、USDC 收益结构与合作关系展开分析。撰写背景为 GENIUS 法案通过引发市场对稳定币赛道的再度关注,Circle 市值一度突破 630 亿美元,超过其所发行 USDC 的总价值。作者通过链上数据与公开文件,剖析 Circle 当前营收结构、与 Coinbase 的合作关系及成本结构,并指出其高估值背后存在的可持续性压力与增长隐忧,尤其是在利率下行与竞争加剧的市场背景下,对其商业模型多元化提出警示与展望。

以下为原文内容(为便于阅读理解,原内容有所整编):

核心要点:

1.Circle 市值暴涨但估值高企: GENIUS 法案的通过推动 Circle 市值飙升至 630 亿美元,现已超过流通中 USDC 的价值。然而,基于其约 37 倍过去 12 个月营收和约 401 倍净利润的估值,与其基本面愈发脱节。

2.Coinbase 是核心合作伙伴也是主要成本: 2024 年,Coinbase 获得了约 56% 的 USDC 储备金收益,这成为 Circle 的一项主要分销成本。尽管如此,双方的合作关系对于通过 Coinbase 的产品和生态系统扩大 USDC 规模仍至关重要。

3. 储备金收入虽将增长但分成比例受限: 根据链上数据和公开文件预测,Circle 的 USDC 储备金收入可能从 2024 年的 16 亿美元增长到 2029 年的 90 亿美元以上。但在当前收入分成条款下,Circle 可能只能留存不到一半的金额,这突显了拓展储备金以外收入来源的重要性。

4. 利率下行下增长依赖规模扩张与份额争夺: 随着利率预计下降,Circle 的长期收入潜力关键取决于扩大 USDC 的供应量,并在来自新获批准的发行商日益激烈的竞争中提升市场份额。

引言

稳定币正迎来一个爆发性时刻,Circle(圆周)公司也处于聚光灯下。美国稳定币 USDC 的发行方 Circle Internet 集团(该稳定币是第二大稳定币,市值约 610 亿美元,占据 25% 的市场份额)已于 6 月 5 日在纽约证券交易所(NYSE)公开上市。自那以来,CRCL 的股价已从 31 美元/股的首次公开募股(IPO)发行价飙升逾 700% ,至约 263 美元/股。按照 630 亿美元的市值计算,Circle 目前的估值已高于其发行的 USDC(的储备金规模)。

Circle 的 IPO 来得正是时候,得益于美国参议院通过的《GENIUS 法案》的推动。结合市场对合规数字美元日益增长的需求,Circle 正在充分利用市场对纯稳定币敞口的浓厚兴趣。其强劲的首秀表现也点燃了市场对其他加密公司(如 Bullish 和 Gemini 交易所)进行 IPO 的兴趣,同时刺激了公开市场活动的增加,并重新引发了人们对稳定币经济学的关注。

在本期《Coin Metrics Network 现状》报告中,我们分析了 Circle 上市后的表现及估值,剖析了谁在捕获 USDC 的经济价值,并根据利率、USDC 的采用率以及稳定币市场的竞争格局,预测了 Circle 未来的收入潜力。

Circle (CRCL) 表现

Circle 的 IPO 是近年来美国科技股 IPO 中最引人瞩目的之一。此次发行获得超过 25 倍的超额认购,股票开盘价远高于 31 美元的 IPO 发行价。即便更广泛的加密市场出现回调,CRCL 股价仍持续逆势上涨,推动 Circle 的市值达到了 630 亿美元。

CRCL回调背后,谁捕获了USDC的经济价值?

估值标准

但如此高的估值是否符合公司的基本面?基于 Circle 2024 年 16.7 亿美元的总收入和 1.57 亿美元的净利润,$CRCL 目前的交易价格约为过去十二个月营收的 37 倍(市销率,P/S)和净利润的 401 倍(市盈率,P/E)。这些倍数远超可比金融科技公司,如 NuBank(约 27 倍)、Robinhood(约 45 倍),甚至包括收入来源更为多元化、利润率更高的 Coinbase(约 57 倍)。

多重因素似乎共同推高了这一溢价。Circle 为公众提供了直接投资于数字美元增长的通道,这既受益于《GENIUS 法案》,也得益于其在受监管市场中拥有的先发优势。随着潜在市场的扩大,USDC 和 Circle 处于有利地位,有望从中获益。然而,面对 650 亿美元的市值,由叙事驱动的热情似乎超越了其潜在的基本面。关键风险包括严重依赖利息收入(如果美国利率下降,这部分收入可能被压缩),以及来自银行和金融科技公司日益激烈的竞争(《GENIUS 法案》为更多采用类似商业模式的受监管稳定币发行商铺平了道路)。

谁捕获了 USDC 的经济价值?

Circle 几乎所有的收入都来自于 USDC 储备金产生的利息收入。这些储备金以现金形式存放在银行以及贝莱德(BlackRock)管理的 Circle 储备基金中,该基金投资于短期美国国债。2024 年底,Circle 在 440 亿美元的储备金上产生了 16 亿美元的毛收入,这意味着有效储备金收益率约为 3.6% 。然而,在支付了超过 9 亿美元的分销成本(主要支付给 Coinbase)之后,Circle 在 USDC 业务上保留了 7.68 亿美元的净收入。

Circle 与 Coinbase 的收入分成

尽管 Circle 仍是 USDC 的唯一发行方,但它并未捕获其全部价值。凭借在 Circle 的股权以及与之达成的收入分成协议,Coinbase 赚取:

1. 客户通过 Coinbase 平台持有的 USDC 所产生的 100% 利息收入;

2. 客户在其它地方持有的 USDC 所产生的 50% 利息收入。

基于这种安排,双方都有动力扩大 USDC 的采用率。Coinbase 在推动 USDC 增长方面发挥了至关重要的作用,通过其交易所、Base Layer-2 network(目前承载着 370 亿美元的 USDC)以及 Coinbase Payments 等新产品,显著提升了 USDC 的分销能力。根据 Circle 的 S-1 文件,Coinbase 持有的 USDC 份额稳步增长,从 2022 年的约 5% 升至 2023 年的 12% ,再到 2024 年的 20% 。截至 2025 年第一季度,该份额已占总供应量的 22% ,即其各个平台共计持有 120 亿美元的 USDC。

CRCL回调背后,谁捕获了USDC的经济价值?

下图说明了 2024 年 USDC 产生的收入在 Circle 与 Coinbase 之间的资金分布流动。将 Coinbase 所分得的 USDC 储备金收益视作 Circle 的成本支出,从而清晰反映了价值如何从 USDC 储备金流向 Circle,并最终通过双方收入分成协议分配给 Coinbase 的运作机制。

CRCL回调背后,谁捕获了USDC的经济价值?

基于上述预测,在平台上持有 USDC 份额持续增长的推动下,Coinbase 攫取了 Circle 公司 USDC 总收入的 50% 以上。尽管稳定币收入仅占 Coinbase 总收入的约 23%,且部分收益通过"USDC 奖励"返还给了用户,该公司仍保留了可观的上行空间。这种相互依存的经济关系引发了一个重要问题:鉴于 Circle 市值已达到 Coinbase 的 82%,投资者应如何对两家公司进行相对估值基准评估?

展望未来预测 USDC 的利息收入

展望未来,Circle 的收入走势取决于三大关键变量:流通中的 USDC 供应量(受整体稳定币市场增长及其市场份额影响)、现行利率水平,以及 Coinbase 平台持有的 USDC 份额

CRCL回调背后,谁捕获了USDC的经济价值?

尽管 USDC 的历史供应增长提供了有用的基准,但预测未来供应增长具有天然的不确定性。监管明晰化带来的实际影响、竞争态势演变以及宏观经济条件的真实作用,都可能显著左右稳定币的采用率和市场份额。鉴于此,我们构建了一个增长逐步趋缓的模型——既纳入短期顺风因素(如稳定币立法推进),也统筹了来自竞争加剧和收益率下降构成的长期逆风。

CRCL回调背后,谁捕获了USDC的经济价值?

为了更好地理解 USDC 的长期经济模型,基于这些核心要素,对 Circle 和 Coinbase 双方到 2029 年的净收入进行了预测建模。

CRCL回调背后,谁捕获了USDC的经济价值?

综上所述,Circle 与 Coinbase 的长期收入潜力与 USDC 供应的扩张及市场份额的维持密切相关,这将有助于对冲收益率下行带来的不利影响。预计到 2025 年底,USDC 所产生的总储备收入有望达到 24.4 亿美元,其中 Coinbase 获益约 15 亿美元,Circle 获益约 9.4 亿美元。

若当前市场动态持续不变,该收入规模至 2029 年可能升至 91.5 亿美元,其中 Coinbase 分得 59.9 亿美元,Circle 分得 31.6 亿美元。

需要指出的是,本估算仅涵盖了 USDC 储备收入,而这部分目前占据了 Circle 收入的绝大多数,并未计入来自新兴业务线(如 Circle Payments Network)的潜在上行空间。后者未来可能在收入多元化方面发挥越来越重要的作用。

结论

Circle 的 IPO 标志着稳定币赛道的一个重要里程碑,为投资者提供了直接参与「数字美元」增长的投资机会。在近期层面,监管推动力及 Circle 在合规市场中的定位为其提供了有利支持;但其长期增长前景仍取决于 USDC 的供应扩张、市场占有率提升,以及收入结构向非储备类来源的多元化转型。

当前 CRCL 的估值倍数已显著高于基本面,未来能否将监管清晰度、机构合作关系以及分发能力转化为持久的、可持续的增长动力,将成为关键。

原文链接

本文来自投稿,不代表 BlockBeats 观点

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