【降息倒计时】“特朗普系”美联储副主席放话:最快7月动手!

华尔街见闻Published on 2025-06-24Last updated on 2026-08-24

Abstract

继美联储理事沃勒表态支持 7 月降息后,另一位理事鲍曼最新指出,若通胀压力保持受控,她将支持最早在 7 月下调利率。

继沃勒之后,又一位美联储官员表态支持下个月降息。值得一提的是,这两位理事都是特朗普在第一任期内任命的。

周一,美联储理事鲍曼在谈及经济与货币政策时表示,若通胀压力保持受控,她将支持最早在7月下调利率,因为劳动力市场的风险可能上升,而通胀似乎正稳定朝着美联储2%的目标前进:

如果通胀压力依然受控,我会支持在下次会议上就将政策利率下调,使其更接近中性水平,并维持健康的劳动力市场。

随着美国政府政策、经济和金融市场不断演变,她将继续密切关注经济状况。

上周五,美联储理事克里斯托弗·沃勒在接受 CNBC 采访时表示,他可能支持下个月降息,因为他担心劳动力市场过于疲软。

有“美联储通讯社”之称的华尔街日报记者Nick Timiraos在最新文章中表示,这是自美国总统特朗普在今年春季任命鲍曼、并得到参议院批准担任监管副主席以来,鲍曼首次就经济前景发表实质性评论。鲍曼之前高度关注通胀担忧,她的最新表态是一个有意义的转变。

文章称,自上周会议以来发表讲话的美联储官员中,率先表示有意在 7 月底美联储下次会议上降息的是特朗普第一任期内任命的两位官员。

第二位美联储高官为降息铺路

上周的6月会议上,美联储维持基准利率在4.25%至4.5%的区间,这一水平普遍被认为高于既不刺激也不抑制经济活动的中性利率。会议结束后,美联储主席鲍威尔重申,政策制定者可以在利率调整方面采取耐心态度,等待更多关于特朗普总统经济政策、尤其是贸易政策变化的细节。

鲍曼表示她支持美联储6月决议。她提到,会后声明中体现了政策立场的转变,当前政策不确定性已经减少,关注点正在转向劳动力市场可能的疲软。

经济学家们原本担心特朗普的关税会推高通胀,但当前,特朗普政府扩大关税使用的影响尚未在经济数据中显现,劳动力市场和通胀数据依然强劲。与此同时,特朗普已经缓和了言辞,并向与主要贸易伙伴的谈判敞开了大门。

鲍曼最新指出:

数据显示,关税和其他政策尚未对经济造成明显影响。我认为关税对通胀的影响可能会出现更大的延迟,程度也比最初预期更小,尤其是因为许多企业已提前储备库存。贸易和关税谈判的持续进展令经济环境的风险显著降低。

贸易政策的变化对美联储偏好的通胀指标“可能只有极小的影响”。

美联储的职责是维持物价稳定与实现最大就业目标。鲍曼指出,由于近期消费支出疲软及劳动力市场出现脆弱迹象,美联储在就业目标方面面临的下行风险可能很快变得更加突出。“在我看来,现在承认风险平衡已发生变化是适当的。在思考未来的政策路径时,是时候考虑调整政策利率了。”

美联储下次FOMC会议将于7月29日至30日举行。根据CME集团的FedWatch工具,交易员们目前仅认为该次会议采取行动的可能性为23%,而9月降息的可能性约为78%。

在美联储理事鲍曼谈及降息前景之后:

标普500指数涨0.57%刷新日高,道指涨0.42%,纳指涨0.55%。

美国10年期国债收益率跌超5.5个基点,刷新日低至4.32%下方。两年期美债收益率短线下挫将近4个基点,刷新日低,逼近3.85%,北京时间19:35以来从3.92%一线持续走低、出现两波显著的下滑行情。

鲍曼提到,特朗普的关税政策可能对物价的影响是暂时且有限的,这令其成为近期第二位表达类似观点的美联储高级官员,这为最早7月降息铺平了道路。

另一位美联储理事沃勒上周五在接受CNBC采访时也表示,他认为美联储7月可以考虑降息。

特朗普一直在施压美联储降低利率,以减少不断膨胀的美国国家债务的融资成本。由于美联储上周决定按兵不动,特朗普不断加码怒斥鲍威尔和美联储理事会。

特朗普曾表示,他认为美联储应至少降息两个百分点。鲍曼的讲话中没有提及她认为应降息的幅度,而沃勒则表示没有必要进行如此激进的降息。

鲍曼谈及监管

鲍曼是美联储负责监管的副主席。她同日警告称,目前的杠杆率监管方式已在市场上带来了意想不到的后果。现在是时候重新审视这项关键的资本缓冲机制,因为有担忧称该规则限制了银行在29万亿美元的美国国债市场中的交易活动。鲍曼表示:

杠杆率对银行附属券商的影响可能会带来更广泛的市场影响,包括像国债市场中介活动中观察到的市场波动。一旦我们识别出那些未在制定监管方式时考虑到的意外后果,就必须考虑重新审视早期的监管和政策决定。

鲍曼本月早些时候概述了一项雄心勃勃的议程——从审查被称为“补充杠杆率”的资本缓冲机制,到让社区银行免受针对大型金融机构的监管要求的影响。

据媒体此前报道,美联储和其他监管机构本周将公布对杠杆率规则的潜在修改建议,拟调整整体比率,而非像部分观察人士预测的那样,将美国国债等特定资产排除在外。

她还表示,美联储将在7月22日召开会议,讨论银行资本问题,并指出“简单的改革”就能改善国债市场在压力事件下的运行韧性。鲍曼此前曾批评监管机构要求美国最大银行大幅增加资本金以应对潜在危机的计划。

人们普遍预计鲍曼将支持大幅放宽这一被称为“巴塞尔协议III终局”的提案。该计划最初于2023年公布,拟将大型银行的资本要求提高19%。美联储在行业反对声中随后有所收回。

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