法币信任危机:黄金与比特币成新价值锚点

比推Published on 2025-06-18Last updated on 2025-06-18

作者:Matt Hougan,Bitwise首席投资官

编译:AIMan@金色财经

原标题:Bitwise:法币到底是什么 为何人们争相购买黄金和BTC

世界开始意识到法币实验的疯狂。

传奇作家大卫·福斯特·华莱士 (David Foster Wallace) 2005 年在凯尼恩学院 (Kenyon College) 的毕业典礼演讲以一则寓言开场:

两条小鱼在游动,碰巧遇见一条朝对面游来的大鱼,大鱼向它们点头,说道:“早上好,孩子们。水怎么样?” 两条小鱼又游了一会儿,最后其中一条看着另一条问道:“水到底是什么?”

华莱士的观点是,我们常常对最重要的现实视而不见,尤其是当这些现实已经包围了我们整个生活的时候。

最近我一直在想那些鱼。

和如今几乎所有其他金融专业人士一样,我一生都生活在一个以法币为基础的世界里——在这个世界中,一个国家的货币供应量并非基于其黄金或白银等储备的积累,而是由政府决定。美国在54年前,也就是1971年放弃了金本位制。假设大多数人从21岁开始职业生涯,那么如今,金融界最年轻的、记得在非法币时代工作过的人可能已经75岁了。

当我们大多数人还在上学的时候,法币的采用被视为一种不可避免的进步,就像从泥泞中爬出来并开始直立行走一样。

过去的人们以为黄金才是货币,我们笑了。真可爱。

但人们似乎越来越意识到,我们正经历的这个法币时代或许是个例外。或许像我们在1971年开始做的那样,凭空印钞,其实是个疯狂的想法。或许健全的货币需要限制。

换句话说,人们开始环顾四周并问:法币到底是什么?

提出这一问题的群体之一是八月的《金融时报》,该报上周末的“大阅读”是一篇深入探讨“黄金如何成为世界免受不确定性影响的避风港”的文章。

其中一段关键的文字:

对于全球经济的守护者来说,黄金——自数千年前美索不达米亚制造出第一根金条以来,它就一直被用作价值储存手段——似乎注定变得无关紧要。

然而,金条却强势回归,不仅受到不信任现代纸币的投机者和所谓的“黄金虫”的青睐,甚至受到世界上最保守的投资者的青睐……

在政治狂热的时代,许多有关全球经济的核心假设都受到质疑,黄金再次成为一种支柱。

《金融时报》指出,各国央行——在1971年之前就经常购买黄金——现在又开始大举购买黄金。如下图所示,这些年度购买始于2008年金融危机之后,并在2020年俄罗斯入侵乌克兰后进入了超速增长阶段。换句话说,这些购买始于各国央行开始真正滥用法币之时,而一旦各国政府开始扣押部分法币,购买速度便会加快。

各国央行正投入创纪录的资金购买黄金

中央银行净购买量/销售量(金条吨数)

Ejyne4mk1gYfpIyMQsInW3AJI0myhDTli5XF9Sid.jpeg

来源:《金融时报》,数据来自 Metals Focus、Refinitiv GFMS 和世界黄金协会。

注:图表显示的是各国央行和其他官方机构(包括国际货币基金组织等超国家实体)的净需求(即总购买量减去总销售量)。不包括掉期交易和 Delta 对冲的影响。

去年,黄金超过欧元,成为继美元之后全球第二大储备资产。随着美国债务规模逼近37万亿美元,且贬值美元以摆脱困境的诱惑日益增加,各国央行行长意识到,他们需要对冲风险。他们想要一种能够:

* 稀缺

* 全球的

* 政府难以操纵

* 能够以自主主权的方式直接持有。

你大概明白我的意思了。这些品质不仅仅适用于黄金。

他们越来越多地关注比特币

比特币:对抗法币贬值的利器

与政府一样,个人投资者也开始意识到不计后果地印钞的危险。但有趣的是,他们大多是通过比特币来对冲印钞的——比特币被广泛认为是黄金的数字替代品。自2024年1月推出以来,比特币ETF已吸引450亿美元的资金,而同期黄金ETF的资金为340亿美元。

为什么政府和普通民众之间存在差异?主要原因是容量:比特币市场规模高达2万亿美元,对于央行官员来说仍然太小,而且其流动性不足以支持央行大规模进出。我怀疑这种情况会随着时间的推移而改变——事实上,政府对比特币的需求只会不断增长。但就目前而言,我认为这是同一交易的两个方面。

然而,无论我们谈论的是黄金还是比特币,其基本要点都是一样的:过去四十年,我们被教导要通过股票和债券的组合来实现投资组合的多元化。但无论你如何调整——60% 股票/40% 债券,还是 70%/30%,无论什么比例——你仍然 100% 地投资于法币。

人们意识到在这些水中游泳是相当危险的。

说明: 比推所有文章只代表作者观点,不构成投资建议

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