聊聊比特币 Core 交易中继争议以及为何要支持它

Foresight NewsPublished on 2025-06-09Last updated on 2025-06-09

Abstract

大家对于垃圾交易的定义完全不一样。

撰文:0xTodd,Nothing Research 合伙人

Core 组发布了最新声明,比特币核心开发圈都炸锅了,我看华语讨论不多,我来分析一下故事背景,以及我个人的强烈观点。首先,昨天 Bitcoin Core 发布了一个声明,叫做《Bitcoin Core 开发与交易中继政策》,被反对者怒斥臭名昭著如《纽约协议》。

那这个声明到底说了什么呢?比特币 Core 要推一个自己内置的交易中继。我认为,这个交易中继就是在给之前的取消 OP-Return 区限制铺路。这东西为什么会激起大量讨论呢?

是因为故事背景还有一个故事背景,这个我之前也聊过——就是 2 年前,铭文开始大行其道,但是这些铭文、符文是通过一种类似于「卡 Bug」的形式,把自己的内容偷摸存到了比特币区块里的 OP-Return 区,这样变相突破了比特币区块上限。

结果,现在比特币里分为右派和极右派。铭文引起了极右派的反感,于是在 Luke 等人的号召下,比特币排名第二的客户端 Knots 推出了垃圾过滤器,把这些铭文交易直接视为垃圾交易,并且拒绝打包。如果你还有印象的话,这个当时甚至引起了 Ordi 暴跌。但是普通右派,也就是比特币 Core 组认为,反正铭文已经可以卡 Bug 上链了,与其让它们继续卡 Bug 还不如正名化所。

以最近几个月 Core 组提出了新的 PR,想把 OP-Return 从 80KB 改成无上限,相对于对铭文的限制直接取消,让他们光明正大地上链。尽管铭文基本都浇给了,但是我认为这多多少少都是对于矿工的一些额外补贴,毕竟多赚点才能让比特币网络更安全一些。

聊完背景的背景,让我们说回来——这个「交易中继」到底是什么东西。理论上,比特币是个 P2P 网络,也就是所有矿工和矿工之间都是单线联系的。不过这个东西呢,是理论上最安全的做法,因为目前网络环境蛮安全的,倒也没必要做到这么绝。

所以「交易中继」应运而生,大家可以先把交易发给中继(注意不是强制,它是自愿的),这样有两大好处:

1. 有利于防止 DoS 攻击,那些乱发 0 费的交易不会把矿工的点对点服务器撑爆;

2. 加快交易区块传播速度,降低延迟有助于防止大型矿工获得不公平的优势。

其实很好的一件事。过去,交易中继们也有不同的策略,有的过滤垃圾交易严格,有的则完全自由。

PS:我不认为这是交易审查,它更多是过滤垃圾交易,而且用户可以不使用这些功能。其实右派(Core 组)和极右派(Luke 等人),两者对于都有过滤垃圾交易的诉求,但是核心矛盾是——大家对于垃圾交易的定义完全不一样。

极右派认为,铭文就是垃圾交易,应该杜绝,比特币不应该成为存储链。右派则认为,我们不应该审查(铭文),限制某些交易上链。过滤器只应该过滤那些纯 DoS 攻击。PS:我这里虽然使用了极右派,但是并不代表【极右派】是个含有贬义的词。前者是激进垃圾过滤,后者则是温和垃圾过滤。

而过去,这些交易中继算是为爱发电,由志愿者维护的,尤其是【激进垃圾过滤规则】,因为这些志愿者的信念非常充足——那就是厌恶铭文。然而,一旦 Core 组亲自在比特币客户端加入了【温和垃圾过滤规则】,或许意味着过去那些【激进垃圾过滤规则】市场份额遭到极大萎缩。

如果看到这里你有点蒙,我打个比喻——有种官方突然官宣 CP,降维打击同人拉郎配 CP 的感觉,也就是官方逼死同人。当然,尽管目前 Core 的市占率超过 90%,Core 不认为它们自己是「官」方。

因为 Bitcoin 是一个由其用户定义的网络,用户拥有最终的自由选择使用何种软件以及实施任何他们希望的政策。Bitcoin Core 贡献者无权强制规定这些内容,为了避嫌,他们甚至避免软件自动更新。

我个人其实是支持 Core 组这样的更新的。还是那句话,如果你家的篱笆墙只有 10 厘米高,其他人自由进出,那你还不如拆了省事。我个人虽然对铭文无感,但我不认为它们是垃圾交易,只要正常付费就是好的交易。

铭文也正常按照体积缴费,没必要和钱过不去,而且给矿工带来了额外的收入,有助于让比特币在 N 次减半后依然保持强劲的安全性。而且我坚决反对交易审查,比特币半官方性质的 Core 带头对于正常支付手续费的交易有任何的歧视,因为交易歧视会慢慢变成交易审查。

比特币最引以为傲的属性之一就是安全性和无交易审查。而采用温和的垃圾过滤规则,它对这两个特性同时有益。反对者抨击,这是 Core 组向矿工的妥协(因为考虑了矿工的收入),而放弃它的用户。我不同意这样的观点——铭文用户,也是比特币的用户。

时代进步了,不再是 2008 年的硬件环境,倘若 2025 年的比特币的区块链存一些文字图片,对于节点来说也并非难事,而且中本聪自己就在传世区块刻下了当年的新闻。比特币永远不会变成存储链,但是在不对底层动刀的情况下,把存一些数据作为一项兼职,又有何妨呢?

真正的物理黄金,都可以用来雕刻留下记录,我们电子黄金也同样应该默许这一点。所以我非常支持 Core 组的提案。

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