马斯克发力 XChat,「比特币风格」的加密架构到底是个啥?

Odaily星球日报Published on 2025-06-03Last updated on 2025-06-03

Abstract

X不仅能够发推看推了,后续或许会逐渐具备类似于Telegram或微信的即时聊天功能。

原文作者:深潮 TechFlow

6 月 1 日,马斯克开始发力,宣布 X 平台推出全新消息系统 XChat,主打端到端加密、消失消息、任意文件传输和跨平台音视频通话。

也就是说,X 不仅能够发推看推了,后续或许会逐渐具备类似于 Telegram 或微信的即时聊天功能。

目前该功能还在测试阶段,并不是所有用户都能体验到。

不过更吸引眼球的是,马斯克宣称 XChat 采用了「比特币风格的加密」,并用 Rust 语言开发,号称「全新架构」。

马斯克发力 XChat,「比特币风格」的加密架构到底是个啥?

比特币过于经典,经典到以至于很多人对它的名字如雷贯耳,将其当做一种领头羊资产在对待,但对它到底用了怎样的技术并不是很清楚。

马斯克所说的比特币风格的加密架构,到底是个啥?笔者又翻了下比特币白皮书,站在一个老韭菜的角度来解读一下。

XChat 测试版功能抢先看

据某些推友反馈,自己的 X 账号当前已经被推送了 Xchat,并标记为「Beta」测试版,最核心的功能是私信会在你所有的设备上进行端到端加密,任何人都无法读取你的私信,X 也不例外。

马斯克发力 XChat,「比特币风格」的加密架构到底是个啥?

那么我们可以结合马斯克的原贴以及网友反馈,拆解一下这个功能。

  • 端到端加密:消息、通话内容只有通信双方能看到,第三方(包括 X 平台)无法窥探。

  • 阅后即焚:可以设置消息在一定时间后自动删除,比如 10 分钟后,保护隐私更彻底。

  • 任意文件传输:支持发送任何类型的文件,包括照片、视频、文档等,不再受限于格式或大小。

  • 跨平台音视频通话:无需手机号即可拨打,支持手机、电脑等多设备,通话内容同样加密。

你别说,这还有点像 Telegram 。

这关比特币什么事?

提到「比特币风格加密」,很多人的第一反应可能是:比特币不是用来转账的吗,跟加密聊天有啥关系?

别急,我们先来回顾一下比特币的加密技术,再看看 XChat 可能怎么借鉴。

马斯克发力 XChat,「比特币风格」的加密架构到底是个啥?

其实十多年前的比特币白皮书标题已经说的很清楚了,「点对点的现金支付系统」,这里的点对点也即经常听到的 P2P。

BTC--- 想要实现点对点(我和你)转账,不需要中间人来管;

Xchat--- 想要实现点对点(我和你)聊天,不需要中间人来管。

这是同源技术的不同实现方向。

要点对点,比特币是怎么做的呢?

把区块链的账本技术先放在一边,比特币要实现点对点转账,使用的加密技术,简单说就是「锁」和「签名」。

  • 「锁」:椭圆曲线加密(ECC): 比特币用了一种叫椭圆曲线加密(ECC)的东西,简单说,它就像一把超级安全的锁。每个人都有两把钥匙:一把是公钥(公开的,相当于锁),一把是私钥(只有你知道,相当于钥匙)。比如,你要给朋友转比特币,你的钱包会用朋友的公钥「锁」住这笔交易,只有朋友用自己的私钥才能「开锁」,拿到钱。整个过程没人能偷看或篡改,连比特币网络都看不到交易细节。

  • 「签名」:数字签名(ECDSA) 除了「锁」,比特币还用数字签名来证明「你是你」。当你转账时,你的钱包会用私钥生成一个签名,证明这笔交易确实是你发的。别人可以用你的公钥验证这个签名,但无法伪造。

  • 「防篡改」:哈希算法(SHA-256) 比特币还用了一种叫 SHA-256 的哈希算法,把交易信息变成一串固定长度的「指纹」。如果交易被改动,哪怕只改一个字母,指纹也会完全不同,网络马上就能发现。

注意,这些加密算法和签名算法,并不是比特币发明的,而是将它们放在一起综合使用。

马斯克发力 XChat,「比特币风格」的加密架构到底是个啥?

 

因此,结合 XChat 的功能,我们可以推测它可能这样用比特币的技术,也就是马斯克口中的「比特币风格加密」:

  • 端到端加密:消息的「保险箱」 XChat 的端到端加密可能用了 ECC 的变种(比如 ECDH 协议)。当你发消息给朋友,你的手机会用朋友的公钥加密消息,只有朋友的私钥能解密。 举个例子:你发「我今晚 7 点到」,消息会变成一串乱码,只有朋友的设备能解开,X 平台或其他人都看不到。音视频通话也可能用类似方法,保护通话内容不被窃听。

  • 数字签名:证明消息是你发的 XChat 可能用类似 ECDSA 的数字签名技术,确保消息来源可信。比如你发了一份合同文件,XChat 会用你的私钥签名,朋友收到后可以用你的公钥验证,确认文件是你发的,没被篡改。

  • 阅后即焚:加密 + 定时销毁 消失消息功能可能结合加密和定时销毁机制。消息加密后,只有接收方能看,服务器会在指定时间(比如 10 分钟)后自动删除,即使设备被黑客攻破,也找不到历史消息。

  • 文件传输:防篡改的「指纹」 传输文件时,XChat 可能用 SHA-256 生成文件的哈希值(指纹)。朋友收到文件后,系统会自动验证指纹,确保文件没被中途篡改。

至于用什么开发语言,RUST 还是啥,笔者并非技术出身在此不做过多解读。

不止于聊天

XChat 的推出,不只是一个聊天工具那么简单。

马斯克一直想把 X 打造成「everything app」(超级应用),类似我们常用的微信。

马斯克发力 XChat,「比特币风格」的加密架构到底是个啥?

从他的一些动作上是可以看出端倪的,比如先收购推特,再借鉴微信的诸多功能,集成 Grok AI 等等。

而随着美国稳定币法案的逐渐通过以及加密友好的大环境形成,后面我们也有理由期待支付相关的功能出现,比如 XPay。

微信在中国的成功,靠的是基于社交关系和强大的粘性,把聊天、支付、打车、购物等功能融为一体。XChat 如果能整合支付(XPay)、AI 助手(Grok 3)、社交(X 平台的社区功能),再加上强大的隐私保护,完全有可能成为西方的「超级微信」。

最后,再来看看「比特币风格加密」这个说法真的那么独特吗?其实未必。

椭圆曲线加密(ECC)、数字签名(ECDSA)、哈希算法(SHA-256)这些技术,早就不是比特币的专属。

很多安全应用都用类似技术,比如 WhatsApp、Signal 的端到端加密,也依赖 ECC 和哈希算法;苹果的 iMessage 甚至在 2010 年代就采用了 ECC。比特币的加密技术虽然可靠,但更像是「行业标配」,并没有太多独创性。

马斯克选择「比特币风格」这个表述,更可能是出于营销考量。比特币作为加密货币的「代名词」,自带流量和信任光环。

不过亲加密的表述越多,我们当然越开心。

在注意力代币化的大环境里, X 和马斯克后续的更多功能和玩法,也同样值得期待。

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