矿业金融公司 Antalpha IPO 解读:比特大陆金融棋局的关键落子?

深潮Published on 2025-05-08Last updated on 2025-05-08

Antalpha 是比特币挖矿领域的金融解决方案提供商,不过,从其招股书中披露的与矿业巨头比特大陆的紧密联系。

撰文:Frank,PANews

近日,一家名为 Antalpha 的金融科技公司向纳斯达克递交了招股书,计划以「ANTA」为代码进行首次公开募股(IPO)。Antalpha 是比特币挖矿领域的金融解决方案提供商,不过,从其招股书中披露的与矿业巨头比特大陆的紧密联系,以及比特大陆联合创始人詹克团千丝万缕的关联,使得这次 IPO 充满了值得深究的意味。在金融科技公司上市的表象之外,更是比特大陆金融版图扩张的关键一步?

比特币挖矿背后的「金融输血者」

Antalpha 创立于 2022 年,官网上对于自身的介绍内容较少,只是重点提及了于比特大陆的战略合作关系。根据其招股书及公开信息,Antalpha 的核心业务是为数字资产机构,尤其是比特币矿工,提供融资、技术和风险管理方案。其目标是帮助矿工扩大运营规模,并通过提供融资方案使他们能够更好地管理比特币价格波动带来的影响,例如支持矿工的「HODLing」策略。

Antalpha 的核心产品与服务,主要通过其技术平台 Antalpha Prime 实现。该平台允许客户发起和管理其数字资产贷款,并近乎实时监控抵押品头寸。其主要收入来源包括两个方面。

一是供应链融资,这部分收入体现为「技术融资费」,是 Antalpha 的主要营收支柱。具体包括:矿机贷款,为购买比特币矿机(通常是从比特大陆购买的已上架矿机)提供融资,并以所购矿机作为抵押。算力贷款:为挖矿相关的运营成本(如托管费)提供融资,抵押品通常是挖出的比特币。根据 Antalpha 披露的数据显示,截至 2024 年 12 月 31 日,已促成了总计 28 亿美元的贷款,其中大约 97% 的供应链贷款客户的贷款是 BTC 担保。

除了直接提供融资贷款之外,Antalpha 的另一块主要业务是比特币贷款撮合服务:这部分收入体现为「技术平台费」。Antalpha 通过 Antalpha Prime 平台为其非美国客户提供比特币保证金贷款服务。值得注意的是,这些贷款的资金历史上主要由其关联方 Northstar 提供。在此模式下,Antalpha 扮演的是技术和服务提供商的角色,赚取平台费用,并且不承担这些贷款的信用风险。

财务数据显示,Antalpha 在最近一个财年(截至 2024 年 12 月 31 日)总收入达到 4745 万美元,同比增长 321%。其中,技术融资费为 3870 万美元,同比增长 274%;技术平台费为 880 万美元,同比飙升 859%。公司也成功扭亏为盈,实现净利润 440 万美元,而上一财年则为净亏损 660 万美元。

在贷款规模方面,截至 2024 年 12 月 31 日,Antalpha 的总贷款账簿规模达到 16 亿美元。其中,由 Antalpha 发放的供应链贷款组合(矿机贷款和算力贷款)从 2023 年底的 3.44 亿美元增长至 4.289 亿美元,同比增长 25%。而其为 Northstar 服务的比特币贷款规模则从 2023 年底的 2.208 亿美元迅猛增长至 11.987 亿美元,同比增长高达 443%。地域分布上,其贷款业务高度集中于亚洲,截至 2024 年底,77.4% 的贷款(约 12.6 亿美元)流向了亚洲客户。

比特大陆的「金融特种部队」

Antalpha 在招股书中毫不避讳其与比特大陆的紧密关系,称自身为「比特大陆的主要借贷合作伙伴」。双方甚至签署了谅解备忘录,约定比特大陆将继续利用 Antalpha 作为其融资伙伴,双方互相推荐客户,并且,只要 Antalpha 提供有竞争力的条款,比特大陆授予 Antalpha 服务其寻求融资客户的优先承购权。

这种优先承购权意味着 Antalpha 能够优先接触到比特大陆庞大的矿机购买客户群,从而大大降低获客成本,并获得源源不断的业务流。招股书中还提到,Antalpha 与比特大陆在从销售到运营再到高层管理的各个层面都紧密合作,是比特大陆销售和业务发起流程中不可或缺的一部分。

然而,Antalpha 与比特大陆的联系,并不仅仅停留在业务合作层面。更深层次的关联是与比特大陆的联合创始人詹克团。

招股书介绍了 Antalpha 与 Northstar 的复杂关系。Northstar 在历史上为 Antalpha 发放的贷款提供了几乎全部资金,并通过 AntalphaPrime 平台向 Antalpha 的非美国客户提供比特币保证金贷款。关键在于,Antalpha 和 Northstar 最初是姐妹公司,同属于一个最终由詹克团控制的母公司之下。

在「2024 年重组」之后,Antalpha 从中被剥离出来,并转移至当前的上市主体 Antalpha 平台控股公司。随后,原母公司处置了其在 Northstar 的全部权益。目前,Northstar 由一个不可撤销信托拥有,而詹克团是该信托的委托人和受益人,由一家专业的信托公司负责管理。招股书强调詹克团不参与 Northstar 的运营。

尽管进行了重组,Northstar 依然是 Antalpha 比特币贷款服务业务的重要资金提供方。詹克团作为 Northstar 信托的最终受益人,其经济利益与 Northstar 的业务表现,乃至 Antalpha 的业务规模,依然存在间接但重要的联系。

因此,尽管在法律形式上 Antalpha 平台控股公司可能已经与詹克团的直接控制有所区隔,但从商业逻辑、资金流向和战略协同的角度来看,Antalpha 依然可以被视为比特大陆金融版图中的重要一环。其更像是一个被精心设计和剥离出来的「金融特种部队」,专注于为比特大陆的矿机帝国提供金融弹药。

后减半时代比特大陆的战略棋子

Antalpha 上市的深层战略意义,与比特大陆在 2024 年比特币减半后所面临的行业环境和自身战略调整密不可分。

2024 年 4 月的比特币减半,如期而至地压缩了矿工的区块奖励,对整个挖矿行业的盈利能力构成了直接挑战。对于比特大陆而言,这意味着市场对其产品的需求将更加侧重于高效率和低功耗。在过去一年中,比特大陆为了稳固其在矿机硬件领域的领导地位,加速推出了以 AntminerS21 系列为代表的新一代高效矿机。与 BitFuFu 和 Hut8 等合作伙伴签订的 S21 系列矿机采购协议。通过继续深化与大型矿场的合作,比特大陆努力确保其最新矿机的大额订单。

一方面,减半后挖矿行业变得越来越卷,矿工们为了维持收益必须提升矿机的性能,而因此也显著提升了运营成本。这对比特大陆来说,是未来潜在的业务增长风险。另一方面,随着比特币价格的水涨船高,越来越多的外部企业甚至是上市公司也开始加入挖矿行业,也为比特大陆带来新的机遇,但这种机遇同样取决于比特币的价格变化。因此,Antalpha 为比特大陆的客户购买 S21 等新一代矿机提供贷款支持。不但能够直接促进比特大陆的销售业绩,也能间接帮助矿工群体顺利度过因设备迭代产生的资本困境。

Antalpha 的 IPO 也吸引了一些知名投资者, 其中,Tether 表示有兴趣在此次 IPO 中以发行价认购 2500 万美元的 Antalpha 普通股。若按发行价区间中点每股 12 美元计算,这笔投资将占据此次基础发行股份总量的约 54.1%,相当于约 208 万股。据招股书说明,Antalpha 的贷款业务通常以 USDT 结算,这次投资也是 Tether 多线布局的又一次出手,不过招股书中也说明,这种意向「并非具有约束力的购买协议或承诺」。

此外,Antalpha 在招股书中提及了探索为 AI 领域所需的 GPU 提供融资方案的计划。这对比特大陆来说,Antalpha 的拓展能力也是抵御加密行业不确定性风险的一种杠铃配置。如果 Antalpha 能够在 AI GPU 融资等新领域取得成功,其自身的壮大也将间接增强比特大陆整个生态系统的韧性。

因此,Antalpha 的 IPO,并不是一次简单的金融科技公司上市,更像是比特大陆在后减半时代,为巩固其矿业帝国、优化其金融工具、并为其长远战略发展储备力量的关键一步。

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533 Total ViewsPublished 2025.05.13Updated 2025.05.13

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