比特币牛回?一级投资者却已死于锁仓

Odaily星球日报Published on 2025-04-23Last updated on 2025-04-23

Abstract

一波人的春天,必然是另一波人的寒冬。

撰文:深潮 TechFlow

4 月 23 日,随着特朗普宣布降低对中国的关税,这一消息又重燃了市场情绪。

投资者对风险资产的信心迅速回升,BTC 在悄无声息中上涨 7% ,价格重回 94, 000 美元。

一切,一晚上好像又都回来了。

BTC 距离年初突破 10 万美元的历史高点又近了一步,推特上充斥着对新一轮牛市的期待,二级市场的交易者们忙着追涨杀跌,市场仿佛又回到了 2021 年的狂热春光。

然而,这场情绪的回归却并非属于所有人。

热闹的是他们,一级投资者们或许面对牛回迹象,沉默不语。

牛回死于锁仓

BTC 重回 94000 美元的喜讯让二级市场投资者欢呼雀跃,但对于一级市场的投资者来说,这场狂欢却像是一场遥远的幻梦。

他们的代币大多处于锁仓状态,无法自由交易,而过去一年的市场表现更是让他们损失惨重。

一张来自 STIX (@stix_co)的图表揭示了这一残酷现实。

比特币牛回?一级投资者却已死于锁仓

@stix_co 是一家专注于加密货币 OTC(场外交易)交易的平台,为锁仓代币提供流动性支持。

上图对比了多个代币在 2024 年 5 月和 2025 年 4 月的估值变化: 2024 年 5 月是这些代币在场外交易时的估值(也就是锁仓时一级投资者能卖出的价格),而 2025 年 4 月是这些代币在公开市场上的实际估值(即现在的市场价格)。

结果显示,平均来看这些代币的估值在一年内跌了 50% 。

我们来看几个具体的例子。

BLAST 去年的场外估值是 2.5 亿美元,现在的市场估值只剩 0.3 亿美元,跌了 88% ;EIGEN 从 6 亿美元跌到 1.5 亿美元,跌了 75% ;SCR 更惨,从 1.7 亿美元跌到 0.255 亿美元,跌幅高达 85% 。

几乎所有的代币都大幅下跌,只有 JTO 是个例外,从 1 亿美元涨到了 1.75 亿美元,涨了 75% 。

但这只是个特例,掩盖不了整体的惨淡局面。

简单来说,这些一级投资者手里的代币,如果去年没有通过 OTC 场外交易卖掉的话,那么持币的平均价值直接砍了一半,有些甚至只剩一两成。

插个背景知识,场外交易是指在代币解锁前,一级投资者可以通过私下交易提前卖出,通常会打点折扣。

Taran 在上图的 帖子 中提到,去年这些代币在场外交易时,价格大概是估值的八九折。

也就是说,如果他们去年卖掉,可能只亏 10% -20% ,甚至可能不亏。但也有投资者选择了持有一年,等待解锁,结果却是代币价值平均跌了 50% ,有些甚至跌了七八成,财富大幅缩水。

你可能会说,他们的投资成本价低,即使跌了这么多,还有得赚。

但问题在于,经济学中还有个叫机会成本的东西。作为一个投资人,比少赚(说不定还亏了)更难受的,是理论上机会成本的损失。

理论最优的情况下,过去 12 个月,比特币(BTC)涨了 45% 。

如果一级投资者去年把代币卖掉,换成 BTC,他们的钱现在可能已经涨到原来的 1.45 倍。

但现在,他们的代币价值只剩 0.5 倍,甚至在未来解锁后可能还得再打五折才能卖出去,最终可能只值 0.25 倍。

换句话说,相比 BTC 的涨幅,他们的实际损失高达 82.8% ;就算按美元算,也亏了 75% 。

这就像眼睁睁看着别人赚了大钱,而自己手里的资产却越缩越小。

“牛回”,对他们来说可能已经死于锁仓。

锁仓一年,亏损一半,这件事最气的地方在于:

研究、比较、识别和投项目,付出心力之后,还不如直接拿着 BTC 更实惠。

在经典投资书籍《漫步华尔街》中,有一个著名的“猩猩扔飞镖理论”。

作者伯顿·马尔基尔提出,如果让一只猩猩蒙着眼睛随便扔飞镖,选中股票组合,其长期收益可能并不比专业投资者的精心挑选差。

这个理论原本是用来讽刺股票市场中过度分析的无效性,但如今放在加密货币市场中,却让人感到格外讽刺。

一级投资者们花费大量时间和精力,研究白皮书、分析项目前景,甚至不惜锁仓一年以博取高收益,但结果却可能是:还不如随便把飞镖扔到比特币上。

BTC 过去一年涨了 45% ,而他们的锁仓代币平均跌了 50% ,甚至更多。

整个山寨币的估值和投资逻辑,或许亟待重塑。

春天不回来

下一波加密山寨币的玩法,还是这样锁仓吗?

VC 以低价格进场,锁仓机制原本是为了保护项目初期,防止早期投资者大量抛售导致价格崩盘。但从过去一年的数据来看,这种机制却让一级投资者也承担了巨大的风险。

上文的图表原贴中也提到,未来将有超过 400 亿美元的锁仓代币陆续解锁,这意味着市场可能会面临更大的抛售压力。如果新代币继续以高估值锁仓,投资者可能再次陷入“锁仓一年,亏损一半”的恶性循环。

显然,锁仓这种玩法已经不再适合当下的市场环境。

加密市场的一级投资还会火热吗?一级投资的春天还能回来吗?从目前的情况看,答案可能并不乐观。

过去几年,山寨币的高估值往往建立在市场狂热和流动性溢价的基础上,但随着市场逐渐成熟,投资者开始更加注重项目的实际价值和流动性。

锁仓代币的高风险让一级投资者望而却步,越来越多的人可能会选择更透明、更流动的项目。

一些新兴趋势已经显现:比如更短的锁仓周期、更低的估值倍数,甚至直接通过直接发 Meme 来减少一级投资的泡沫;

当然也有可能还是新瓶装旧酒,在 Meme 币更加公平的外表下,一级逻辑依然存在,组局造盘子,让你看不出有一级的存在罢了。

对于整个加密市场而言,更透明的机制也变得尤为重要。锁仓机制也需要找到更好的平衡点,既能保护项目初期,又不至于让投资者承担过高的风险。

不过问题来了,一级不亏,二级不亏,韭菜不亏,那谁会亏呢?

加密代币们并不生产价值,而是转移价值;有人赚,就一定有人亏。

一波人的春天,必然是另一波人的寒冬。

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