以太坊的救赎？Pectra升级能否让ETH重回巅峰？

coinvoicePublished on 2025-04-11Last updated on 2025-04-11

作者：Mark Dewolf

编译：白话区块链

在第一季度价格下跌45%后，以太坊(ETH)可能正在为复兴做准备。5月7日，备受期待的Pectra升级预计将通过最终测试，为主网上线铺平道路。

这次网络升级是由两个改进包——Prague和Electra合并而成的，统称为Pectra，包含了9个以太坊改进提案(EIPs)。这些变化旨在简化新零售交易者的入场流程，同时使全球第二大区块链对机构更具吸引力。

Pectra将验证者质押上限从32 ETH提高到2048 ETH，减少了运行多个验证者节点的需求。通过简化质押流程，以太坊的管理者希望实现更强的流动性锁定，甚至促进大户的资金流动。

如果用户体验(UX)得到改善，大型投资者能够更轻松地参与，链上活动应该会大幅增加——这是他们的预期。Pectra升级后的以太坊价格走势将是第二季度加密市场的一个关键指标。让我们来看看其背后的内容。


 

 01 
什么是以太坊Pectra升级?

Pectra是以太坊区块链的一次升级，旨在提高质押效率、改善用户体验、继续推进以Rollup为中心的扩展路线图，同时增强以太坊的去中心化特性。

在合并之前，Prague侧重于对以太坊执行层的改进，而Electra则专注于共识层的升级。

Pectra升级已经备受期待数月，现在有了正式的上线日期：2025年5月7日。如果一切按计划进行，这将是以太坊有史以来最大的一次更新。

Pectra的主要提案

截至2025年3月，Pectra升级包括以下九个EIPs：

EIP-2537：新增预编译，提供120+位安全性操作，相比现有BN254预编译的80位安全性更高。

EIP-2935：保存历史区块哈希以支持无状态客户端。

EIP-6110：在链上提供验证者存款。

EIP-7002：新机制，允许验证者通过执行层提款凭证触发提款和退出。

EIP-7251：将以太坊验证者的最大质押限额从32 ETH提高到2048 ETH。

EIP-7549：为以太坊二层(L2)提供额外的数据可用性。

EIP-7685：框架，允许验证者智能合约执行特定操作。

EIP-7702：针对外部账户(EOA)用户的体验改进。

EIP-7742：将共识层和执行层的Blob计数解耦。

其中，EIP-6110、EIP-7002、EIP-7251、EIP-7549和EIP-7742将应用于以太坊的共识层;而EIP-2537、EIP-2935、EIP-6110、EIP-7685、EIP-7002、EIP-7702和EIP-7742将改变以太坊的执行层。

Pectra的主要功能

更高效的质押

当前以太坊将单一验证者质押规模限制在32 ETH。对于较大的交易，这一限制要求交易实体运行大量验证者节点。

通过引入EIP-7251，每个验证者节点的最大质押限额将从32 ETH提高到2048 ETH。然而，最小验证者质押门槛仍保持在32 ETH，以不阻碍个人质押。

最大质押限额的提高将允许大型验证者整合运行较少的节点，从而减少点对点消息和数字签名的数量。

小型验证者仍可增加质押，而不是以32 ETH的倍数累积以运行多个验证者节点。

截至2024年12月2日，以太坊拥有超过107万个每日活跃验证者。大量验证者可能导致网络的计算和带宽负载较高。

用户体验改进

Pectra升级包含多个EIPs，旨在改善以太坊用户和开发者的用户体验。

EIP-7702将引入新的交易类型，允许同一用户的多个操作在一次交易中完成。该升级还将允许账户为另一个账户赞助燃气费用。此前我们探讨过这种“燃气抽象”。

“权限降级”是EIP-7702引入的一项新功能，允许用户授权满足条件的支出。例如，授权支出特定类型的ERC-20Token，或每天支出总余额的2%。

EIP-2537还将引入零知识密码学中使用的新功能，而EIP-7002则通过为智能合约引入触发验证者退出的机制，使以太坊质押池体验更加无信任。

改进的Rollup扩展

Pectra升级在原Danksharding引入的数据Blob基础上进一步发展，大幅降低了以太坊二层(L2)的燃气费用。

EIP-7594将引入一种名为PeerDAS的新协议，允许节点仅下载部分数据即可验证L2 Blob数据的可用性。


 

 02  
Pectra可能如何影响ETH的价值?

在去年10月发布的一份研究报告中，Galaxy研究副总裁Christine Kim写道，随着以太坊推进其以Rollup为中心的扩展路线图，主网(L1)协议升级对ETH价值的影响将逐渐减少。

她补充说，二层(L2)上的升级可能对ETH价值影响最大，因为以太坊的收入未来可能主要由L2上的用户活动驱动。

从3美元到4000美元，再下跌：以太坊截至2025年4月6日的价格历史。来源：CoinMarketCap

Christine Kim指出：“在L2上推动用户体验、互操作性、去中心化和安全性的升级，对以太坊的价值比基础层的优化和改进更为重要。”


 

 03 
小结

以太坊以Rollup为中心的扩展计划引发了分析师的分歧意见，围绕其不确定性可能影响了过去一年的市场估值。

然而，像原Danksharding和Pectra这样的网络升级显示出高度的规划和努力。以太坊——去中心化应用(dApps)、去中心化金融(DeFi)以及驱动现代加密市场许多部分的支柱——无疑将从更高的效率和灵活性中受益。

声明：本内容为作者独立观点，不代表 CoinVoice 立场，且不构成投资建议，请谨慎对待，如需报道或加入交流群，请联系微信：VOICE-V。

来源：白话区块链

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