从法学博士到加密 Holder,走进 SEC 新主席 Paul Atkins

链捕手Published on 2025-04-10Last updated on 2025-04-10

作者:深潮 TechFlow

 

特朗普的极端关税政策掀起全球市场风暴,比特币等加密货币价格在剧烈震荡中寻找方向。

巨大的不确定性中,似乎传来了确定的好消息。

4 月 9 日,美国参议院以 52 比 44 票确认保罗·阿特金斯(Paul Atkins)为美国证券交易委员会(SEC)新任主席。

作为一位以支持创新和自由市场著称的监管者,阿特金斯的上任,被加密社区视为 SEC 对加密资产态度的一次潜在转折点。

他明确表示,将制定清晰的数字资产监管框架作为首要任务,这与前任主席加里·根斯勒(Gary Gensler)的强硬执法风格形成鲜明对比。

加密市场常被监管者们形容为「狂野西部」,监管与行业间的紧张关系屡见不鲜。

但如今,阿特金斯的到来或许又让人们重新开始期待一个更友好、更协作的监管环境。

在动荡与机遇交织的时刻,阿特金斯的下一步棋局令人瞩目。

这位从华尔街律师起步、曾担任 SEC 委员、如今深耕数字资产领域的新主席,能否带来期待已久的清晰规则?

答案或许藏在他的生平之中。

小城青年,法学博士

和大多数人类似,这位新主席最初也是一位爱学习的小城青年。

保罗·阿特金斯(Paul Atkins)的故事始于美国东南部的小城。出生于北卡罗来纳州的利灵顿,他在佛罗里达州的坦帕度过了童年与青少年时光,这个阳光充沛的城市为也为他奠定了坚实的人生基础。

1980 年,阿特金斯从沃福德学院(Wofford College)取得文学学士学位,以优异成绩入选 Phi Beta Kappa 荣誉学会,并加入 Kappa Alpha Order 兄弟会,展现了他在学术与社交中的双重才华。

三年后,他在范德比尔特大学法学院(Vanderbilt Law School)获得法学博士学位,担任《范德比尔特法律评论》高级学生写作编辑。

这份学生时代的工作,或许是他法律与监管思维的起点,培养了对法律细节的关注和严谨的思维方式。

有人形容他「安静却果决」。这种特质既源于小城的谦逊,又融入了挖掘规则背后逻辑的思考,也部分构成了他性格中最鲜明的轮廓。

从坦帕小城走出的阿特金斯,带着南方青年特有的踏实与逐梦者的胆识,完成了从学生到专业人士的蜕变。

从律师到监管席

保罗·阿特金斯(Paul Atkins)的职业生涯从纽约的法律舞台拉开帷幕。

1983 年法学院毕业后,他加入了戴维斯·波克&沃德威尔律师事务所(Davis Polk & Wardwell),一家以公司交易闻名的顶级律所。

他在纽约总部专注于证券和金融领域的法律事务,随后被派往巴黎分所工作两年半,于 1988 年取得法国法律顾问(conseil juridique)的资格。

这段国际经历让他接触到跨境金融监管的复杂性,为他日后在 SEC 的工作积累了宝贵经验。

90 年代,他回到美国,协助金融服务公司应对 SEC 法规,并参与了贝内特融资集团(Bennett Funding Group)案件的后续处理,这起 10 亿美元的庞氏骗局凸显了他处理危机的能力。

公开资料显示,通过稳定财务和运营以及重建和扩展业务,他为公司的剩余投资者提高了近 2000% 的股票价值。

2002 年 7 月 9 日,阿特金斯的职业轨迹迎来高光时刻。他被乔治·W·布什总统任命为 SEC 委员,任期至 2008 年 8 月 1 日,

在其职业生涯早期,他曾分别担任 SEC 主席 Richard C. Breeden 和 Arthur Levitt 的幕僚长和顾问。

他以支持自由市场原则和减少监管负担的立场闻名,2007 年在一场演讲中明确表示:「SEC 不得通过繁重的监管将投资者挤出市场」。

2008 年离开 SEC 后,阿特金斯创立了 Patomak Global Partners,一家位于华盛顿特区和纽约的金融服务咨询公司,专注于监管合规和公司治理建议。

期间,他多次担任执法和解的独立合规顾问,涉及司法部、SEC 和 CFTC 等机构。2012 年至 2015 年,他出任 BATS Global Markets 的独立董事和非执行董事会主席,这家电子证券交易平台后来被芝加哥期权交易所(CBOE)收购。

他的个人生活也在这一时期稳定,与妻子萨拉·汉弗莱斯·阿特金斯(Sarah Humphreys Atkins)共同育有三个儿子,萨拉是共和党的重要捐助者,捐款累计超过 990 万美元 (Paul S. Atkins - Wikipedia)。

从律师到 SEC 委员,再到咨询领域的权威,阿特金斯的职业征途展现了他对金融监管的深刻理解,为他 2025 年重返 SEC 主席之位打下了坚实基础。

得到特朗普赏识,也是加密 Holder

保罗·阿特金斯(Paul Atkins)在金融监管领域的深厚积累,随着加密货币的崛起而延伸到数字前沿。

自 2017 年起,他担任数字商会 Token Alliance 的联合主席,与前 CFTC 主席詹姆斯·纽瑟姆(James Newsome)共同领导这一行业倡议。

Token Alliance 旨在为数字资产的发行和交易制定最佳实践,其重要成果包括发布《理解数字代币:市场概览与政策制定者及从业者指南》。这份报告提供了五个国家的数字代币法律概览,并分析代币经济的趋势,旨在推动负责任的治理和减少欺诈。

他的个人投资进一步凸显了对数字资产的支持。

2025 年 3 月 25 日,《财富》杂志披露,阿特金斯持有高达 600 万美元的加密相关资产,其中包括他在加密托管公司 Anchorage 和代币化公司 Securitiz 的股份或其他投资,但他不持有比特币。

这些投资显示了他对加密生态的信心,但也引发争议。2025 年 3 月 26 日,参议员伊丽莎白·沃伦(Elizabeth Warren)质疑其潜在利益冲突;

阿特金斯回应称,这些资产反映了他对技术潜力的看好,而非投机企图,这是不是有点像加密社区里,你的持币好兄弟向你表示立场时的口吻了?

在监管理念上,阿特金斯也试图为加密行业描绘一条清晰路径。

多年来,阿特金斯一直明确表示,他支持对加密货币进行更清晰的监管,避免扼杀创新或施加不必要的监督。他还批评了 2008 年金融危机后为控制美国大型银行而颁布的《多德 - 弗兰克法案》。

去年 12 月,当选总统的特朗普曾在 Truth Social 上发表声明称,阿特金斯是「公认的常识性监管领导者」,并且「认识到数字资产和其他创新对于让美国变得比以往任何时候都更伟大至关重要」。

铁腕 VS 包容,两任 SEC 主席的风格

如果将历史信息放在一起回顾,你会看到保罗·阿特金斯(Paul Atkins)和加里·根斯勒(Gary Gensler)代表了 SEC 监管加密货币的两种截然不同的路径。

根斯勒于 2021 年 4 月 17 日由乔·拜登总统提名担任 SEC 主席,他将加密市场称为「狂野西部」,强调强硬监管以保护投资者免受欺诈和市场操纵。

在他任内,SEC 于 2021 年 10 月 15 日批准了首个比特币期货 ETF,但对现货比特币 ETF 持谨慎态度,同时对多家加密公司发起执法行动,例如 2023 年 1 月对 Genesis 和 Gemini 提起未注册证券发行的诉讼,这种铁腕风格让行业颇感压力。

相比之下,阿特金斯于 2025 年 4 月 9 日由特朗普提名并以 52 比 44 票确认担任 SEC 主席,他带来了更包容的监管理念。

他在 2023 年 2 月的一档播客中表示:「如果 SEC 更具包容性,并能直截了当地处理这些[加密]公司,我认为在美国而不是国外发生的事情会更好。」

这一立场延续了他担任 SEC 委员(2002-2008)时支持自由市场的态度。他的 Token Alliance 工作和高达 600 万美元的加密资产投资进一步表明,他更倾向于理解并支持行业发展。

两人的监管哲学形成了鲜明对比。

根斯勒聚焦投资者保护,倾向将大多数代币视为证券,执法优先;而阿特金斯主张清晰规则,强调与行业合作,可能推动更细化的资产分类。

根斯勒的强硬态度引发行业不满,例如 Coinbase 曾公开批评其「监管模糊」;阿特金斯的任命则赢得欢迎,CoinDesk 称其为「加密行业的胜利」。

从铁腕到包容,这场交锋预示着 SEC 监管方向的重大转折。

再次强调,新 SEC 主席在就任时明确表示,制定全面的数字资产监管框架是首要任务;基于他在 Token Alliance 的经验和对 Anchorage、Securitize 等公司的投资,他可能推动明确哪些加密资产构成证券,简化发行注册流程,并为加密金融产品创造更有利的环境。

乐观来看,这一框架或将结束长期的监管模糊,例如现货比特币 ETF 的审批可能迎来转机。

但在特朗普不按套路出牌和将加密行业当做工具的观感下,SEC 主席能做出多少有益之举,仍是未知数。

但无论结果如何,他的监管蓝图都将成为加密行业瞩目的焦点。这位新主席的第一步,或将决定加密货币在美国乃至全球的下一个十年。

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