特朗普宣布国家紧急状态,全面征收关税,设10%“最低基准关税”,对美贸易逆差最大国征税更高

华尔街见闻Published on 2025-04-03Last updated on 2025-04-03

Abstract

白宫声明称,特朗普将对所有国家征收10%的“基准关税”,于美东时间4月5日凌晨0时01分生效,对同美贸易逆差大国征收的更高对等关税于于美东时间4月9日凌晨0时01分生效,钢铝、汽车、金条、铜、药品、半导体和木材制品不受对等关税影响,对符合美墨加贸易协定(USMCA)的加墨商品继续豁免关税 ;特朗普称,25%的汽车关税于4月3日生效。

美东时间4月2日周三美股盘后,据新华社报道,美国总统特朗普在白宫签署两项关于所谓“对等关税”的行政令,宣布美国对贸易伙伴设立10%的“最低基准关税”,并对某些贸易伙伴征收更高关税。

据央视新闻,特朗普表示,美国将计算对美国构成了极大威胁的国家的所有关税、非关税壁垒和其他形式的综合税率。关税将不是完全对等的,美国将向这些国家收取大约一半的费用。

据央视,美国白宫发表声明称,特朗普周三当日宣布国家紧急状态,以提高美国的竞争优势,保护美国主权,并加强美国国家和经济安全。

央视援引白宫的上述声明称,特朗普将对所有国家征收10%的“基准关税”,该关税将于美国东部时间4月5日凌晨0时01分生效。此外,特朗普将对美国贸易逆差最大的国家征收个性化的更高“对等关税”,该关税将于美国东部时间4月9日凌晨0时01分生效,所有其他国家将继续遵守原有的10%关税基准。

根据白宫公布的图表,美国将对进口自英国、澳大利亚、巴西、沙特、阿联酋、科威特的商品均征收10%的关税,对以色列商品征收17%的关税,对欧盟商品征收20%的关税,对日本征收24%的关税,对韩国征收25%的关税,对印度征收26%的关税,对泰国征收36%的关税,对伊拉克征收39%的关税,对越南征收46%的关税,对柬埔寨征收49%的关税,南非国家莱索托面临的税率最高,为50%。

央视提到,前述白宫的声明表示,一些商品将不受“对等关税”的约束,其中包括已经受第232条关税约束的钢铝制品、汽车和汽车零部件、可能受未来第232条关税约束的商品以及美国没有的能源和其他某些矿物。此外,金条、铜、药品、半导体和木材制品也不受“对等关税”的约束。

声明还表示,对于加拿大和墨西哥,符合《美墨加贸易协定》(USMCA)的商品将继续获得关税豁免。

特朗普政府称,加拿大和墨西哥将暂时免除10%的基准关税以及针对特定国家的对等关税。

另据央视报道,特朗普周三还宣布,对进口汽车加征25%的关税。 特朗普表示,对汽车征收的25%关税将于4月3日生效。

特朗普讲话基准关税税率和各国面对的具体关税后,美股期货下跌,美股盘后,纳斯达克100期货跌超3%,标普500期货跌近2%,道指期货跌约1%。亚太盘初,股指期货跌幅进一步扩大,纳斯达克100期货跌超4%,标普500期货跌超3%,道指期货跌超2%。

汇市反应较强烈。欧元先涨幅迅速扩大,后有所回落。处于1.0860一线的欧元兑美元一度涨破1.0920,日内涨约1%,后回吐过半涨幅。

比特币(BTC)现货交易价一度冲上8.8万美元,刷新3月25日以来高位,较欧股盘前的日内低位涨超4000美元、涨超5%,后回吐多数涨幅、回到8.6万美元下方,一度跌破8.53万美元、较稍早的高位回落超3000美元。

现货黄金短线“闪跌”,3125美元一线跳水至接近3105美元,日内转而跌超0.1%,后很快转涨,一度涨破3140美元、刷新日高,日内涨近1%。

COMEX 6月黄金期货也先“闪跌”,后反弹,在美股盘后一度涨破3200美元,刷新周四美股盘中所创的盘中最高纪录,较周二收盘涨近1.8%。

美国国债价格V形反转、收益率先升后降。美国10年期基准国债收益率先升至4.23%上方刷新日高,后很快下破4.20%,一度靠近4.11%,逼近美股盘前“小非农”ADP就业报告公布后刷新的3月4日以来盘中低位。

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