白宫打响关税战争2.0,比特币下跌超5%最低至8.2万美元

Odaily星球日报Published on 2025-04-03Last updated on 2025-04-03

Abstract

中国将面对高达54%的关税税率。

原创 | Odaily星球日报(@OdailyChina

作者|jk

白宫打响关税战争2.0,比特币下跌超5%最低至8.2万美元

当地时间 4 月 2 日,美国总统特朗普在白宫正式宣布对全球绝大多数进口商品征收 10% 的“最低基准关税”,并对数十个国家和地区实施更高比例的报复性关税。这一决定标志着美国贸易政策重大转向,也预示着一场可能全面升级的全球贸易战已正式开启。

特朗普在讲话中表示:“几十年来,我们的国家一直被掠夺、被践踏,无论是来自友邦还是对手。如今,美国必须回击。”他强调,此举旨在反制他所称的“非对称贸易行为”和“非货币壁垒”,并将为美国本土制造业创造更多就业机会。

根据白宫文件,这轮关税将在两个阶段实施: 10% 的基准税率将于 4 月 5 日生效,而更高的对等税率将于 4 月 9 日正式执行。具体国别税率包括:对中国加征 54% (此前已加征 20% )、越南 46% 、柬埔寨 49% 、泰国 36% 、印尼 32% 、南非 30% 、瑞士 31% 、英国 10% 、韩国 25% 、日本 24% 、欧盟成员国统一征收 20% 、新加坡与巴西各 10% 。

白宫打响关税战争2.0,比特币下跌超5%最低至8.2万美元

一图总结美国针对各国的全部关税税率

比特币最低跌至 82500 美元 

特朗普这一举措引发了全球资本市场剧烈震荡:美国三大股指期货盘后暴跌,道琼斯工业平均指数期货重挫 1007 点(跌幅 2.3% ),标普 500 期货下跌 3.4% ,纳斯达克 100 期货则暴跌 4.2% 。据 CNBC 援引数据报道,受影响最严重的是跨国企业和依赖进口产品的零售商。耐克和苹果盘后股价均下跌约 7% 。科技板块普遍承压,英伟达跌幅达 4.5% ,特斯拉下跌 6% 。 

尽管市场早有预期,但特朗普最终宣布的 10% 税率(普遍税率)低于部分投资者此前预估的 15% 至 20% ,一定程度上缓解了恐慌情绪,带动部分风险资产短线拉升。比特币一度上涨逾 1500 美元,短时触及 88000 美元,但随后回落至 82500 美元左右,跌幅超过 5% ,24 小时跌幅为 2.2% ;ETH 最低跌至 1781 美元, 24 小时跌幅 3.5% 。

白宫打响关税战争2.0,比特币下跌超5%最低至8.2万美元

比特币 24 小时走势,来源:Coingecko

各方回应

特朗普宣布关税政策后,加拿大总理卡尼迅速回应,称加拿大将采取反制措施,具体细节将于 4 月 3 日由联邦政府公布。作为美国最大贸易伙伴之一,加拿大此前已在多个关键商品上被征收 25% 的关税。

据 BBC 报道,Fitch Ratings 美国研究主管 Olu Sonola 指出,此次关税上调将美国平均进口税率从 2024 年的 2.5% 推高至 22% ,创下百余年来最高水平。“这将改变整个游戏规则,不仅冲击美国经济,也可能令全球多国陷入衰退。”Sonola 表示,如果这些关税持续实施,现有经济预测“将完全失效”。

“De Minimis”关税规则被关闭,中港跨境低值包裹将受影响

在宣布关税政策后,特朗普还签署命令,关闭俗称“De Minimis”的关税豁免制度。该制度允许价值 800 美元以下的海外包裹免税入境,美国政府表示该制度已被中国大陆和香港商家广泛利用,不仅影响本土零售,也成为芬太尼等毒品成分流入美国的渠道。新规将于 5 月 2 日生效。 

国会出现反对声音

尽管特朗普坚称关税将对美国“长期有利”,但共和党内部已出现反对声音。参议院当日以 51 票对 48 票通过一项法案,拟终止对加拿大的关税措施。尽管众议院尚未表态,但反对声音的浮现预示着特朗普激进贸易政策在国内也正面临挑战。

此次全面关税调整不仅对实体经济构成压力,也对全球市场信心形成实质打击。外部经济学家普遍担忧,该政策可能推高通胀,加剧全球供应链压力,并进一步压缩普通家庭支出空间。美国国家经济委员会主席斯蒂芬·米兰在接受福克斯商业频道采访时表示:“我们承认这将带来短期阵痛,但从长远看,这对美国有利。”

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